Table 6.

Wolbachia visualization and quantification methods and their utility in high-throughput screening.

Quantification Method	Advantages	Disadvantages	Applied to HTS?
Giemsa	simple, inexpensive	non-specific	no
Propidium iodide	simple, inexpensive	non-specific	no
DAPI	simple, inexpensive	non-specific	384-well [71]
Syto 11	simple, moderately priced	non-specific	384-well [89]
qPCR	Wolbachia specific	complex, higher expense	96-well [87,88]
qRT-PCR	Wolbachia specific	much more complex, higher expense	no
Immuno-fluorescence	Wolbachia specific, simple	higher expense, relies on limited reagent (anti-Wolbachia antibody), more complex than one-reagent protocols (e.g., Syto 11)	384-well [90]
16S rRNA FISH	Wolbachia specific, simple, inexpensive customizable probes	more complex than one-reagent protocols (e.g., Syto 11)	1536-well [92,93]

HTS, high-throughput screening.