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. 2019 Jul 9;9(3):59. doi: 10.3390/life9030059

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Summary of the formulation material-based nucleic acid delivery to the nucleus. Seven steps are listed from nucleic acid condensation to nuclear entry. The ideal carriers are proposed, which include dynein-binding peptides for directed nuclear trafficking and NLS-modification for nuclear pore complex docking through an importin pathway, as well as the efficient “capsid” uncoating and active nuclear entry of DNA (with uncertain mechanisms).