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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Evolution. 2019 Sep 2;73(10):2135–2150. doi: 10.1111/evo.13837

Table 2.

Results of phylogenetic MANOVA on otic measurements

Effect Df SS MS R2 F Z P
Development 2 5.02 2.51 0.05 1.84 1.15 0.129
Ecotype 7 18.78 2.68 0.17 1.97 2.20 0.021
Eye 2 26.84 13.42 0.25 9.84 3.24 0.002
Residuals 41 108.60 1.36 0.52

Type II Phylogenetic MANOVA with randomized residual permutation procedure (1,000 permutations) implemented using procD.pgls in R. Significant p-values are in bold.