Table 5.

Impact of maternal nutrition on the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in offspring

Reference (year). country, study type	Subjects (n, age range)	Data collection method	Maternal nutrition exposure	Outcome, HR (95% CI)
Hansen S, et al [32] (2015). Denmark, Retrospective Cohort	840 (126 asthmatics), 20-25 y	Mothers recruited between 1988 and 1989 for The Danish Fetal Origins Cohort during third trimester of pregnancy. The register of Medicinal Product Statistics Data was used to establish asthma prescriptions.	Maternal vitamin D status (25(OH)D concentration) during pregnancy	Significant reduction in useof asthma medication in offspring of mothers with lowest vitamin D levels (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.35-0.95) compared to reference group. No significant association was found in offspring of mothers with the highest vitamin D levels (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.61-1.17)
				No significant trend for asthma mediation use according to maternal vitamin D levels (P = 5.09)
				High maternal vitamin D levels (≥125 nmol/L) was not associated with asthma hospitalisations in offspring (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 0.78-4.16).

HR – hazard ratio, CI – confidence interval, y – year