Table 2.
Overview of measures
| Measure (units) | Source | Token | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pitch and loudness | fo – min/max/mean (Hz, ST) | Acoustic | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage |
| fo – habitual (Hz) | Accelerometer | Daily conversation | |
| fo variability (Hz, ST) | Acoustic | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage | |
| Loudness and variability (dB SPL) | Acoustic | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage | |
| Physiological measures | Formants (Hz) and laryngeal height (cm) | Acoustic | Steady-state /ɑ/, /i/, / æ/, /eɪ/ |
| Subglottal pressure estimates (cmH2O) | Aerodynamic | ɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ, i–pi-pi-pi-pi-pi | |
| Phonation threshold pressure (cmH2O) | Aerodynamic | pɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ | |
| Vibratory ratings | Laryngoscopy video | Comfortable modal sustained vowel | |
| Voice quality | Voice quality | Expert listener ratings (CAPE-V) | CAPE-V sentences |
| CPP (dB) | Acoustic | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage | |
| LH ratio (dB) | Acoustic | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage | |
| Airflow (L/s) | Aerodynamic | /ɑ/ during ɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ-pɑ | |
| Jitter (%) | Acoustic | Steady-state /ɑ/ | |
| Shimmer (%) | Acoustic | Steady-state /ɑ/ | |
| Harmonics-to-noise ratio (dB) | Acoustic | Steady-state /ɑ/ | |
| Perception of gender | Gender perceptual rating | Listener ratings | Sentences 2-4 of Rainbow Passage |