Table 7.

Abuse Measures in Opioid Studies in Drug Abusers and Non-Drug Abusers

		Abuse Measure Versus Placebo*
Opioid, Oral Route	N	Drug Liking- Disliking	Take Drug Again	Strength of Drug Effect	Study
Drug abusers
Morphine
25 mg	12	8	6	35†	Zacny 2005
Oxycodone
15 mg	9	21†	35†	43†	Comer 2010
30 mg	9	19†	33†	50†	Comer 2010
Hydromorphone
4 mg	8	29	—	19	Duke 2011
8 mg	8	44†	—	32†	Duke 2011
Tramadol
50 mg	22	3	5	5	Zacny 2005
100 mg	22	10†	9†	20†	Zacny 2005
50 mg	8	1	—	0	Duke 2011
100 mg	8	6	—	4	Duke 2011
200 mg	8	15	—	19	Duke 2011
400 mg	8	24	—	19	Duke 2011
Non-drug abusers
Morphine
30 mg	20	12†	12†	28†	Zacny 2008
40 mg	18	12†	12†	33†	Zacny 2003
Oxycodone
10 mg	18	13†	15†	30†	Zacny 2003
15 mg	9	19†	18	45†	Comer 2010
20 mg	18	20†	21†	48†	Zacny 2003
20 mg	20	16†	17†	53†	Zacny 2008
30 mg	9	18†	15	53†	Comer 2010
30 mg	18	21†	20†	58†	Zacny 2003
Hydrocodone
15 mg‡	20	4	4	33†	Zacny 2009
30 mg‡	20	8	6	50†	Zacny 2009
Tramadol
50 mg	43	-1	-2	20†	This study
Desmetramadol
20 mg	43	-2	-6	17†	This study

^*Difference between peak drug and placebo value, normalized to 100 point scale where required. Data collated from Comer 2010,⁶ Duke 2011,¹⁹ Zacny 2003,⁸⁹ Zacny 2005,⁸⁸ Zacny 2008,⁹¹ and Zacny 2009.⁹⁰

^†Statistically significant compared with placebo.

^‡Acetaminophen combination.