Skin incision 1 month after lobectomy in U-VATS and M-VATS. (A) U-VATS: upper/middle lobectomy: 4th intercostal level, anterior axillary line; lower lobectomy: 5th intercostal level, middle axillary line. Mean wound size: 4.2 (3.0–5.0) cm. a, Wrap protector mini. (B) M-VATS: (I) 1.0-cm incision, 8th intercostal space (ICS), mid-axillary line (12-mm trocar); (II) 3–4 cm incision, 5th or 6th ICS, anterior axillary line (Wrap protector); (III) 1.0-cm incision, 7th ICS along the posterior axillary line (12-mm trocar); (IV) When needed, 1.0-cm incision, 3rd ICS, anterior axillary line (5-mm trocar). a, Endopath, 12-mm trocar Ethicon, USA; b, Thoracoport, 5.5 mm-trocar Medotronic, USA. U-VATS, uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; M-VATS, multi-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; ICS, intercostal space.