Figure 5.

Mean parasite–parasite associations as a function of host tissue infected for both 75% (a) and 90% (b) posterior probability support. The majority of host tissue pairs had overall positive associations, suggestive of potentially facilitatory associations through correlated exposure or transmission, while parasite species coinfecting the stomach had strong negative interactions, suggesting a potential role for parasite competition in resource limited host tissues. Zero-valued associations were not considered when calculating the mean association strength. (Online version in colour.)