. 2019 Sep 9;8(10):1330–1353. doi: 10.1530/EC-19-0341
This work is licensed under a Table 2.
Review of published literature on head and neck TIO cases: list of index cases with relevant data.
| Case no. | Author | Age/sex | Location of tumor |
Duration of symptoms | Localizing imaging | FGF-23 | Persistence/recurrence |
Secondary modality | HPR | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-surgery | Post-surgery | ||||||||||
| 1 | Renton (5) | 53 | F | Left ethmoid | 60 | X-ray | NA | NA | NA | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 2 | Sweet (6) | 25 | F | Left middle turbinate | 12 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 3 | Nitzan (7) | 26 | M | Left mandibular molar legion | 24 | X-ray | NA | NA | No | – | Giant cell tumor |
| 4 | Nomura (8) | 29 | M | Mandible | 24 | X-ray | NA | NA | Persistence | RT, chemotherapy, 2nd surgery, chemotherapy | PMT ossifying fibroma like |
| 5 | Linsey (9) | 54 | F | Right nasopharynx | 30 | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 6 | Shenker (10) | 55 | M | Neck | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 7 | Sheshadri (11) | 40 | F | Ethmoid sinus | NA | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 8 | Jefferies (12) | 27 | F | Left maxillary sinus | 24 | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | PMT |
| 9 | Weidner (13) | 39 | F | Right maxillary sinus | 24 | CT | NA | NA | Recurrence | Repeat surgery |
Primitive mesenchymal tumor |
| 10 | Papotti (10) | 38 | F | Nasal cavity | NA | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 11 | Harvey (10) | 32 | F | Thyroid | 144 | PE | NA | NA | Persistence | Repeat surgery: partial f/b total laryngectomy f/b RT and continued on medical management | Malignant PMTMCT |
| 12 | Lee (14) | 66 | F | Left nasal cavity | 36 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 13 | Catalano (15) | 66 | F | Right maxillary and ethmoidal sinus | many years | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 14 | Wilkins (16) | 55 | M | Left infratemporal mass | 24 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Sinonasal hemangiopericytoma like |
| 15 | David (17) | 60 | F | Right subfrontal mass | 18 | CT | NA | NA | Recurrence | Medical management | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 16 | Kim (18) | 41 | M | Right upper premolar | 48 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Giant cell tumor |
| 17 | Kim (18) | 32 | F | Left mandibular molar area | 96 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Ossifying fibroma |
| 18 | Avila (19) | 48 | M | Mandible | 60 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | Chronic inflammatory tissue with fibrosis and epithelial rests |
| 19 | Yang (20) | 31 | F | Left mandible | 96 | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | PMT-MCT |
| 20 | Gonzalez-Compta (21) | 69 | F | Right ethmoido-frontal mass | 216 | CT | NA | NA | Patient died of tumor | – | PMT |
| 21 | Ohashi (22) | 43 | M | Left maxillary sinus | 14 | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 22 | Clunie (23) | 60 | F | Ethmoid sinuses | 60 | CT | NA | NA | Recurrence | Medical management | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 23 | Sandhu (24) | 46 | M | Right ethmoid sinus | 18 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 24 | Reyes-Mugica (25) | 9 | F | Left mandible | 1.5 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 26 | John (27) | 54 | F | Right frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoid sinuses | NA | PE | NA | NA | NA | Patient received Immediate RT following surgery | Malignant Schwannoma |
| 27 | Reis-Filho (28) | 47 | F | Cavernous sinus | 84 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 28 | Fuentealba (29) | 63 | F | Maxillary sinus | 60 | CT | NA | NA | Persistence | Surgery, RT, embolization | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 29 | Ungari (30) | 24 | M | Ethmoid | NA | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 30 | Folpe (10) | 29 | M | Ethmoid/ sphenoid sinus |
24 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 31 | Folpe (10) | 46 | M | Ethmoid sinus | 36 | NA | NA | NA | Recurrence | Repeat surgery | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 32 | Dupond (31) | 71 | M | Lower mandible | 12 | FDG-PET | 199 Ru/mL (N <100) | 22 Ru/mL (POD 8) | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 33 | Kaylie (32) | 46 | F | Temporal bone | 120 | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 34 | Inokuchi (33) | 24 | F | Right nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses | 4 | CT | 484 Ru/mL (N: 32–84) | 58 Ru/mL (POD 3) | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 35 | Yoshioka (34) | 45 | M | Clivus | 10 | MRI | NA | 49 pg/mL | Recurrence | After first surgery received RT followed by medical management. Octreotide was not effective. | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 36 | Koriyama (35) | 41 | F | Right maxillary sinus | 36 | CT | 309 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | 50 (2 h post surgery) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 37 | Elston (36) | 69 | F | Skull | 84 | Octreoscan | 67 RU/mL (N: 3–45) | 32 RU/mL (3–45) (POD 0) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 38 | Beech (37) | 42 | M | Right ethmoid sinus | 84 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 39 | Ahn (38) | 61 | M | Left lower buccal vestibule | 17 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 40 | Uramoto (39) | 48 | M | Tongue | 24 | CT | NA | NA | Recurrence | Second surgery, RT |
Malignant PMTMCT |
| 41 | Lewiecki (40) | 46 | M | Mandible | 24 | Octreoscan | 262 RU/mL (N <180) | UD (POD 10) | No | – | PMT |
| 42 | Kenealy (41) | 79 | F | Left ethmoid sinus | NA | CT | 355 U/mL (N: 3–45) | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 43 | Kenealy (41) | 40 | F | Left ethmoid sinus | 60 | Octreoscan | 484 U/mL (N: 3–45) | NA | NA | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 44 | Kyoung-In Yun (42) | 71 | F | Mandible | 108 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 45 | Woo (43) | 42 | F | Mandible | 108 | PE | 192 pg/mL (N: 1–71) | 98 pg/mL (POD 11) | Persistence | Patient on oral phosphate solution with close follow-up last FGF-23 92 pg/mL | PMTMCT |
| 46 | Savage (44) | 73 | F | Left maxillary sinus | 84 | 111In-pentetreotide | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 47 | Kurien (45) | 55 | M | Right sphenoid, ethmoid sinus | 24 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 48 | Gupta (46) | 51 | M | Nasal cavity | 108 | FDG-PET | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 49 | Gore (47) | 52 | F | Nasal cavity | 48 | Octreoscan | 573 Ru/mL (N <230) | Normal (45 min post surgery) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 50 | Kobayashi (48) | 53 | F | Temporal bone | 48 | SVS | 558.8 pg/mL (N: 4–54.3) | Normal (POD 4) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 51 | Shelekhova (49) | 70 | F | Maxillary sinus | NA | MRI | NA | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 52 | Shelekhova (49) | 53 | M | Frontal sinus | NA | CT | NA | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 53 | Pedrazzoli (50) | 37 | F | Right maxillary sinus | 32 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 54 | Mori (51) | 42 | M | Left maxillary alveolus | 36 | MRI | 241 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | Normal (1 h post surgery) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 55 | Parshwanath (52) | 42 | F | Left nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus | 42 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 56 | Battoo (53) | 34 | F | Left nasal cavity | 60 | PE | NA | NA | NA | – | Giant cell tumor |
| 57 | Peterson (54) | 33 | F | Maxillary sinus | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | – | PMT |
| 58 | Peters (55) | 22 | M | Right temporal lobe mass | 96 | PE | NA | NA | Persistence | Three craniotomies with angioembolization, RT, PRRT, octreotide, dasatinib | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 59 | Akhter (56) | 52 | M | C5 vertebrae | NA | FDG-PET | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 60 | Xian-Ling (57) | 43 | F | Right petrous apex | 48 | MRI | NA | NA | Persistence | Octreotide therapy |
PMTMCT |
| 61 | Xian-Ling (57) | 42 | F | Left ethmoid sinus | 24 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 62 | Guglielmi (58) | 22 | M | Left ethmoid sinus | 24 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | Persistence | Repeat surgery |
Hemangiopericytoma |
| 63 | Uno (59) | 53 | F | Right temporal bone | 48 | CT | >200 (N: 10–50 pg/mL) | <50 (POD-2) | NA | – | PMT-MCT |
| 64 | Uno (59) | 61 | M | Left basi frontalis | 60 | CT | 400 (N: 10–50 pg/mL) | <3 pg/mL (immediately) | Persistence | Repeat surgery |
PMT-MCT |
| 65 | Andreupoulou (60) | 63 | M | Left frontal lobe | NA | SVS | 156 pg/mL | 101 pg/mL (6 months post RT) | At 6 months, patient had declining FGF-23 | – | PMTMCT |
| 66 | Bergwitz (61) | 56 | M | Mandible | 228 | PE | 870 Ru/ml (N <180) | NA | Persistence | Multiple surgeries, cinacalcet |
Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma |
| 67 | Monappa (62) | 35 | M | Right mandible | 36 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 68 | Chokyu (63) | 57 | M | Middle cranial fossa | 24 | MRI | 84 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | 14 pg/mL (POD 7) | No | – | PMT |
| 69 | Chiam (64) | 55 | M | Right nasal cavity | 18 | MRI | 232 RU/mL (N <180) | 18RU/mL (<180) day 5 | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 70 | Cho (65) | 47 | F | Nasal cavity, ethmoidal sinus | 36 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 72 | Brandwein-Gensler (67) | 66 | F | Nasal cavity, maxilla | NA | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Glomangiopericytoma |
| 73 | Munoz (68) | 60 | M | Posterior neck | 24 | FDG-PET | 575 RU/mL (N <180) | Normal | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 74 | Chang (69) | 37 | m | Left nasal cavity | 60 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 75 | Jiang (70) | 38 | F | Mandible | 24 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 76 | Jiang (70) | 69 | F | Mandible | 240 | Octreoscan | 393 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | 8 | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 77 | Jiang (70) |
28 | M | Mandible | 48 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | Odontogenic fibroma |
| 78 | Jiang (70) | 56 | F | Mandible | 120 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 79 | Jiang (70) | 55 | F | Lower gingiva | 204 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 80 | Jiang (70) | 45 | F | Mandible | 132 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | Odontogenic fibroma |
| 81 | Jiang (70) | 50 | F | Mandible | 36 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 82 | Jiang (70) | 27 | M | Maxilla | 72 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | Odontogenic fibroma |
| 83 | Jiang (70) | 49 | F | Nasal sinus | 72 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | Recurrence | Observation | PMT-MCT |
| 84 | Jiang (70) | 24 | M | Nasal sinus | 48 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 85 | Jiang (70) | 45 | F | Nasal sinus | 120 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 86 | Jiang (70) | 57 | F | Nasal sinus | 102 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT-MCT |
| 87 | Fatani (71) | 58 | M | Floor of mouth, mandible | 240 | CT | NA | NA | Recurrence | Multiple surgeries, wedge lung resection | Malignant PMTMCT |
| 88 | Mathis (72) | 28 | F | Cribriform plate | 36 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 89 | Mathis (72) | 32 | M | Anterior cranial fossa, ethmoid sinus | 12 | CT | NA | NA | Persistence | Multiple surgeries |
PMTMCT |
| 90 | Tarasova (73) | 60 | F | Left frontal mass | 48 | SVS | 132 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | 134 Ru/mL (N <180) (3 years after RT) | No | – | NA |
| 91 | Papierska (74) | 40 | NA | Right maxillary sinus | NA | Octreoscan | 260.4 Ru/ml (N: 5-105) | NA | NA | – | Glomangiopericytoma |
| 92 | Lee (75) | 60 | F | Right maxillary sinus | 72 | CT | NA | NA | No | – | Glomangiopericytoma |
| 93 | Allevi (76) | F | Right maxillary sinus | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT hemangiopericytoma | ||
| 94 | Annamalai (77) | 49 | M | Left nasal cavity | 180 | FDG-PET/DOTA | 224.5 RU/mL (N <150) | 64.6 RU/mL (POD 2) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 95 | Okamiya (78) | 35 | F | Left ethmoid sinus | 8 | FDG-PET | 147 pg/mL (N: 14–40) | 16 pg/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 96 | Arnaoutakis (54) | 50 | F | Right ethmoid sinus | 6 | PE | NA | NA | NA | – | PMT |
| 97 | Mok (79) | 48 | M | Right maxillary sinus | 12 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 98 | Fernández-Cooke (80) | 3 | M | Maxilla and mandible | 6 | PE | 395.1 pg/mL (N <40) 1267.2 RU/ML (N <60) | Normal | Persistence | RFA, Local steroid infiltration, calcitonin, bisphosphonates, propranolol, cinacalcet | Central giant cell granuloma |
| 99 | Fathalla (81) | 49 | F | Right frontal lobe | 36 | Octreoscan | 609 RU/mL (N: 0–180) | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 100 | Ray (82) | 35 | M | Left nasal cavity | 24 | CT | 5 X N | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 101 | Qari (83) | 60 | M | Gingiva of mandibular teeth | 72 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 102 | Wasserman (84) | 50 | M | C3 vertebrae | 24 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 103 | Wasserman (84) | 33 | F | Nose, lips, tongue | 120 | NA | NA | NA | Persistence | NA | Malignant PMTMCT |
| 104 | Mani (85) | 56 | M | Occipital bone | 36 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 105 | Yu (86) | 37 | M | Maxilla | 36 | PE | 129.97 pg/mL (N: 33.9–51.6) | 64.9 pg/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 106 | Yu (86) | 50 | M | Mandible | 6 | PE | 312.84 pg/mL (N: 33.9–51.6) | NA | No | – | Spindle cell tumor with PMT features |
| 107 | Yu (86) | 50 | M | Left nasal cavity | 72 | Octreoscan | 272.71 pg/mL (N: 33.9–51.6) | 5.93 pg/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 108 | Yu (86) | 38 | F | Left nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus | 12 | Octreoscan | 350.9 pg/mL (N: 33.9–51.6) | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 109 | Takashi (87) | 77 | M | Left parotid gland | 96 | FDG-PET | 186.9 pg/mL | 6.5 pg/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 110 | Gresham (88) | 42 | M | Ethmoid mass | 36 | MRI | NA | NA | No | – | Glomangioma |
| 111 | Agaimy (89) | 48 | M | Nasal cavity | NA | NA | NA | NA | – | Cellular, nondescript | |
| 112 | Lee (90) | 33 | M | Right mandible | 156 | Ga-DOTANOC | 86.7 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | NA | No | – | Giant cell granuloma |
| 113 | Lee (90) | 52 | M | Left ethmoid sinus | 6 | Ga-DOTANOC | 492.3 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | NA | Persistence | RT | PMT |
| 114 | Schober (91) | 59 | F | Right fronto-basal region | 22 | SVS | 1600 Ru/mL (N: 26–110) | 74 Ru/mL | Recurrence | Repeat surgery |
Meningioma |
| 115 | Zuo (92) | NA | M | Left nasal cavity | 36 | Octreoscan | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 116 | Zuo (92) | NA | F | Left maxillary bone | 36 | FDG-PET | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 117 | Hana (93) | 38 | M | Bilateral ethmoid sinus | 84 | MRI | 120 pg/mL (N: 10–50) | ND (POD-1) | Persistence | Repeat surgery | PMTMCT |
| 118 | Chanukya (94) | 31 | M | Left nasal cavity | 24 | Ga-DOTANOC | 1310 Ru/mL (N: 0–150) | 109 Ru/mL (1 month post surgery) | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 119 | Gonzalez (95) | 42 | M | Nasofrontal sinus | 72 | PE | 75.9 pg/mL (N: 8–54) | 8.4 pg/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 120 | Singh (96) | 67 | M | Posterior wall of mastoid antrum | 204 | Ga-DOTANOC | 237 Ru/mL (N: 0–150) | NA | NA | – | PMT |
| 121 | Singh (96) | 45 | M | Left side of body of mandible | 12 | Ga-DOTANOC | 1553 Ru/mL (N: 0–150) | NA | NA | – | PMT |
| 122 | Pelletier (97) | 37 | M | Mandible | NA | SVS f/b MRI | 310 Ru/mL (N: 19–114) | NA | NA | – | NA |
| 123 | Pelletier (97) | 49 | F | Mandible | Octreoscan of growing lesion on MRI with FDG-avidity and gradient on SVS | 1194 Ru/mL (N: 19–114) | 200 Ru/mL | Persistence | NA | NA | |
| 125 | Villepelet (99) | 41 | F | Right ethmoid sinus | NA | CT | NA | 48 pg/mL (POD-5) | No | – | PMT |
| 126 | Pelo (100) | 62 | F | Left TMJ | 60 | PE | NA | NA | No | – | PMT |
| 127 | He (101) | 54 | F | Right parotid | 24 | Ga-DOTANOC | NA | NA | NA | – | Salivary basal cell adenoma |
| 128 | Wu (102) | 49 | F | Right mandible | 216 | NA | NA | NA | Persistence | Multiple surgeries | Odontogenic fibroma |
| 129 | Wu (102) | 20 | F | Left maxilla | 48 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | Odontogenic fibroma |
| 130 | Wu (102) | 30 | F | Right maxilla | 60 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial & connective tissue type |
| 131 | Wu (102) | 36 | M | Left mandible | 60 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial & connective tissue type |
| 132 | Wu (102) | 25 | M | Right maxilla | 72 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 133 | Wu (102) | 15 | F | Right mandible | 24 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 134 | Wu (102) | 41 | M | Right mandible | 60 | NA | NA | NA | NA | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 135 | Wu (102) | 34 | M | Left maxilla | 72 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 136 | Wu (102) | 50 | M | Right mandible | 18 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 137 | Wu (102) | 66 | M | Right maxilla | 108 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 138 | Wu (102) | 26 | M | Left maxilla | 36 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 139 | Wu (102) | 32 | M | Right maxilla | 36 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 140 | Wu (102) | 41 | M | Right mandible | 60 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 141 | Wu (102) | 22 | M | Right mandible | 24 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 142 | Wu (102) | 31 | M | Right maxilla | 36 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 143 | Wu (102) | 51 | M | Left mandible | 132 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 144 | Wu (102) | 75 | M | Right mandible | 72 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMT of mixed epithelial and connective tissue type |
| 145 | Ding (103) | 66 | F | Right nasal cavity | 48 | Ga-DOTATATE | NA | NA | NA | – | NA |
| 146 | Ding (103) | 41 | M | Right mandible | 108 | Ga-DOTATATE | NA | NA | NA | – | NA |
| 147 | Mishra (104) | 46 | M | Right temporal lobe mass | 60 | Ga-DOTANOC | 1028 Ru/mL (N <180) | NA | NA | – | PMTMCT |
| 148 | Mishra (104) | 52 | F | Left skull base tumor | 24 | Ga-DOTANOC | 725 Ru/mL (N <180) | 150 Ru/mL (3 months post-surgery) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 149 | Li (105) | 40 | F | Left nasal cavity | 12 | History | NA | NA | Recurrence | Repeat surgery twice | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 150 | Acharya (106) | 42 | M | Right mandible | 12 | FDG-PET | 332 Ru/mL (N <180) | 53 Ru/mL (POD 54) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 151 | Kurien (107) | 39 | F | Right nasal cavity | 24 | NA | 260 Ru/mL (N <180) | 40 Ru/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 152 | Kurien (107) | 36 | F | Left ethmoid sinus | 24 | NA | NA | 126 Ru/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 153 | Kurien (107) | 51 | M | Middle turbinate | 36 | NA | 604 Ru/mL (N <180) | <5 Ru/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 154 | Kurien (107) | 44 | M | Middle turbinate | 48 | NA | 145 Ru/mL (N <180) | 94.7 Ru/mL | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 155 | Kurien (107) | 55 | M | Posterior ethmoid, sphenoid | 24 | NA | NA | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 156 | Kurien (107) | 37 | F | Anterior ethmoid with intracranial extension | 36 | NA | 695 Ru/mL (N <180) | 38 Ru/mL | Persistence | RT | Malignant PMTMCT |
| 157 | Kurien (107) | 62 | F | Nasal cavity, all PNS | 48 | NA | NA | 899 Ru/mL | Persistence | Observation | PMTMCT |
| 158 | Paul (108) | 54 | F | Left mandible | 24 | Ga-DOTATATE | 1094 Ru/mL (N <180) | 369 Ru/mL (POD-5) 44 Ru/mL (4 months post-surgery) | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 159 | Pal (109) | 28 | M | Mandible | NA | Ga-DOTATATE | 201 Ru/mL (N <180) | 307 Ru/mL | Persistent | Medical management | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 160 | Pal (109) | 52 | F | Right nasal cavity | NA | Ga-DOTATATE | 814 Ru/mL (N <180) | NA | No | – | Arteriovenous hemangioma |
| 161 | Pal (109) | 36 | F | Left maxillary sinus | NA | Ga-DOTATATE | 1239 Ru/mL (N <180) | NA | No | – | PMTMCT |
| 162 | Pal (109) | 58 | M | Left nasal cavity | NA | Ga-DOTATATE | 513 Ru/mL (N <180) | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
| 163 | Pal (109) | 36 | F | Left nasal cavity | NA | FDG-PET | 2467 Ru/mL (N <180) | NA | No | – | Hemangiopericytoma |
F, female; M, male; N, normal value; NA, not available; OF, ossifying fibroma like; PE, physical examination; PMTMCT, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue type; POD, post-op day; PRRT, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy; RT, radiation therapy; SVS, selective venous sampling of FGF-23; UD, undetectable.