Figure 2.

Association between yearly ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ levels estimated at home address for the pregnancy period (year 0) and the first 7 years of life and different cognitive outcomes at school age (7–10 y old): working memory, attentiveness, and conflict network from the independent linear mixed effect models. Legend: Lower $d\prime$ and higher HRT-SE and conflict scores indicate impairment. Models were adjusted for age, sex, maternal education, and residential neighborhood socioeconomic status; school and individual as nested random effects. Solid lines show the difference in the outcomes for an IQR increase in ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ [Interquartile range (IQR) exposure contrasts are reported in Table S4]. Dashed lines indicate 95% CIs. Note: $n=\text{number of children}$.