Table 4.
Effects of Ferula Gummosa (F. gummosa) oleo-resin on the levels of thiol groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum, kidneys, and liver in diabetic rats. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus normal control; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, and ###P < 0.001 versus diabetic control.
| Parameters | Specimens tested | Normal control | Diabetic control | Insulin-treated diabetes | Diabetic F. gummosa (100 mg/kg) | Diabetic F. gummosa (400 mg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thiol groups (μmol/mg protein) | Serum | 2.8 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.5** | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 0.6 ± 0.2** | 1.5 ± 0.4 |
| Kidney | 28.7 ± 9 | 9.2 ± 4.5* | 13.7 ± 3.2 | 5 ± 1.2** | 8 ± 0.8* | |
| Liver | 25 ± 4.5 | 5 ± 0.3** | 26 ± 6## | 3.5 ± 1.3** | 8 ± 0.7 | |
| SOD (Unit/mg protein) | Serum | 32 ± 5 | 50 ± 9 | 36 ± 9 | 35 ± 4.4 | 27 ± 3.5# |
| Kidney | 108 ± 8 | 223 ± 26*** | 116 ± 17### | 183 ± 23 | 79 ± 14### | |
| Liver | 98 ± 7.4 | 240 ± 27*** | 142 ± 46# | 143 ± 20## | 159 ± 13# | |
| MDA (nmol/mg protein) | Kidney | 365 ± 56 | 1687 ± 105*** | 248 ± 32### | 1090 ± 220## | 736 ± 136### |
| Liver | 925 ± 253 | 1010 ± 105 | 528 ± 380 | 1191 ± 225 | 1142 ± 132 |