Transfer of WT bone marrow to Hsp70.1/3-deficient mice restored airway inflammation and Th2 cytokine production. BALF was collected from chimeric mice challenged with SEA to induce allergic inflammation of the airways. The total numbers of BAL cells (A) and eosinophils (B) were counted. The Th2 cytokines IL-4 (C), IL-5 (D), and IL-13 (E) were quantified in BAL fluid using ELISA. Chimeric mouse details are shown on the bottom of each related figure. F, lung immune cells were prepared from the WT (filled squares) and Hsp70.1/.3−/− mice (open squares) sensitized and challenged with SEA and then stimulated with ConA or SEA or cultured with media alone. The cytokine levels of IL-13 were determined by ELISA. The data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (error bars). One-way ANOVA with multiple comparison test was used for the chimera assays in A–E, and an unpaired two-tailed Student's t test was used to compare IL-13 cytokine production between the WT and Hsp70.1/.3−/− mice in F. Significant p values are shown as *, **, and *** for p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, with n = 4–6 per group. Pooled data from two different experiments are shown in A (n = 8–15); other figures are presented as representative data of two different experiments. KO, knockout.