Table 1.
Overview of clinical trials currently testing dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in cancer patients.
| Strategy | Indication | Phase | Status | TAA(s) | Combinatorial treatment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autologous DCs | Breast cancer | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | NCT03450044 |
| Colorectal carcinoma | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Avelumab | NCT03152565 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Trans-arterialchemoembolization | NCT03086564 | |
| NSCLC | I | Recruiting | n.a. | Pembrolizumab | NCT03546361 | |
| Prostate cancer | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | GNRH1 agonist and central memory T cells | NCT03085966 | |
| Solid tumors | I | Not yet recruiting | n.a. | Single agent | NCT03638765 | |
| I | Recruiting | n.a. | Avelumab, ipilimumab and nivolumab | NCT03707808 | ||
| I | Not yet recruiting | n.a. | Anti-PD1 antibody | NCT03815084 | ||
| Autologous DCs loaded with tumor cell lysate | Breast cancer | I | Unknown | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03113019 |
| Colorectal carcinoma | I | Recruiting | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03214939 | |
| Glioblastoma | II | Recruiting | Tumor lysate | Standard therapy | NCT03395587 | |
| I | Not yet recruiting | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03360708 | ||
| Gastric cancer | II | Recruiting | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03410732 | |
| Melanoma | I | Not yet recruiting | Tumor lysate | Anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03743298 | |
| I/II | Recruiting | Tumor lysate | Pembrolizumab | NCT03325101 | ||
| I | Not yet recruiting | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03803397 | ||
| Mesothelioma | II/III | Recruiting | Tumor lysate. | Best supportive care | NCT03610360 | |
| I | Not yet recruiting | Tumor lysate | Pembrolizumab and IL2 | NCT03546426 | ||
| Ovarian cancer | I/II | Not yet recruiting | Tumor lysate | Autologous NK cell-like CTLs | NCT03735589 | |
| II | Active, not recruiting | n.a. | Standard of care chemotherapy | NCT03657966 | ||
| Renal cell carcinoma | II | Withdrawn | Tumor lysate | Boost radiotherapy and high-dose IL2 | NCT03226236 | |
| Solid tumors | I | Recruiting | Tumor lysate | Single agent | NCT03671720 | |
| Autologous DCs transfected or pulsed with TAA-coding RNA(s) | Acute myeloid leukemia | I/II | Recruiting | WT1 | Single agent | NCT03083054 |
| Glioblastoma | I | Recruiting | Tumor-derived mRNA | TTRNA-xALT, temozolomide, and autologous hematopoietic stem cells | NCT03334305 | |
| I | Recruiting | Tumor-derived mRNA | TTRNA-xALT, temozolomide, lymphodepletive conditioning and autologous hematopoietic stem cells | NCT03396575 | ||
| II/III | Recruiting | Survivin and TERT | Temozolomide | NCT03548571 | ||
| I | Active, not recruiting | CMV pp65 | Tetanus toxoid | NCT03615404 | ||
| II | Not yet recruiting | CMV pp65 | Temozolomide, varlilumab, and tetanus-diphtheria vaccine | NCT03688178 | ||
| NSCLC | I | Recruiting | TERT | Single agent | NCT03371485 | |
| Autologous DCs loaded with recombinant TAAs or TAA-derived peptide(s) | Acute myeloid leukemia | I | Recruiting | WT1 or EPS8 | CAR-expressing T cells | NCT03291444 |
| Breast cancer | I | Recruiting | ERBB2 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | NCT03387553 | |
| II | Recruiting | IGFBP2, ERBB2, and IGF1R | DNA-based vaccine | NCT03384914 | ||
| II | Recruiting | ERBB2 | Single agent | NCT03630809 | ||
| Colorectal carcinoma | I | Recruiting | Mutated peptides | Single agent | NCT03730948 | |
| Gastric cancer | I | Not yet recruiting | Tumor peptide pool | Anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03393416 | |
| Glioblastoma | II | Recruiting | Autologous TAAs | Single agent | NCT03400917 | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | I | Recruiting | Personalized neoantigen | Microwave ablation | NCT03674073 | |
| Lung Cancer | II | Recruiting | TP53 | Nivolumab and Ipilimumab | NCT03406715 | |
| Melanoma | I | Recruiting | Melanoma tumor-specific peptides | Cyclophosphamide and pembrolizumab | NCT03092453 | |
| Myeloma | I | Not yet recruiting | DKK1-derived peptide | Single agent | NCT03591614 | |
| Nasopharyngeal cancer | I | Recruiting | EBV proteins | Single agent | NCT03282617 | |
| Pancreatic cancer | I | Recruiting | Mutant KRAS peptides | Single agent | NCT03592888 | |
| Prostate cancer | I/II | Active, not recruiting | MUC1- and WT1-derived peptides | Standard therapy | NCT03114631 | |
| III | Recruiting | ACPP | Single agent | NCT03686683 | ||
| I/II | Recruiting | Pdcd1-/- T Cells | NCT03525652 | |||
| Solid tumors | n.a. | Not yet recruiting | TAAs | Cyclophosphamide | NCT03185429 | |
| II | Recruiting | Immunogenic neoantigens | Single agent | NCT03300843 | ||
| Autologous DC-CIK combinations | Lung cancer | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03360630 |
| Mesothelioma | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Anti-PD-1 antibody and hyperthermia | NCT03393858 | |
| Neoplasms | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03190811 | |
| NSCLC | I | Not yet recruiting | Dribbles | Single agent or with imiquimod/GM-CSF | NCT03057340 | |
| Renal cell carcinoma | II | Recruiting | n.a. | Axitinib and anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03736330 | |
| Solid tumors | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Chemotherapy | NCT03047525 | |
| I | Not yet recruiting | n.a. | Anti-PD-1 antibody | NCT03815630 | ||
| Allogenic DCs | Acute myeloid leukemia | II | Recruiting | n.a. | Single agent | NCT03697707 |
| Solid tumors | I/II | Recruiting | n.a. | Pembrolizumab | NCT03735290 | |
| DC-cancer cell fusions | Acute myeloid leukemia | II | Recruiting | n.a. | Single agent | NCT03059485 |
| I | Recruiting | n.a. | Decitabine | NCT03679650 | ||
| Multiple myeloma | II | Not yet recruiting | n.a. | Nivolumab | NCT03782064 |
Abbreviations: ACPP, acid phosphatase, prostate; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CIK, cytokine-induced killer; CMV pp65, cytomegalovirus 65 kDa phosphoprotein; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; DKK1, dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; EPS8, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8; ERBB2, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; GNRH1, gonadotropin releasing hormone 1; IGF1R, insulin like growth factor 1 receptor; IGFBP2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2; IL, interleukin; KRAS, KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase; MUC1, mucin 1, cell surface associated; n.a., not applicable; NK, natural killer; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1 (official name PDCD1), programmed cell death 1; TAA, tumor-associated antigen; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TTRNA-xALT, total tumor RNA-autologous lymphocyte transfer; WT1, WT1 transcription factor.