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. 2019 Oct 9;36(21):2977–2990. doi: 10.1089/neu.2018.6332

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© Krisztián Pajer et al., 2019; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.

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FIG. 3. — Regeneration of corticospinal tract (CST) fibers in the spinal cords of NE4C-1w-isp animals. (A) Paramedian sagittal section of a representative NE4C-1w-isp spinal cord showing the biotinylated dextran-amine (BDA)–labeled CST fibers. The images of three neighboring sections are superimposed to show the significant numbers of regenerating axons. (B) Many dorsally growing fibers reach the cranial end of the cavity where they form axon growth cone-like structures and aborted, club-like endings (see enlarged framed area B in B′ and B″). (C) Considerable numbers of regenerating axons form a new pathway along the ventral edge of the cavity. Some of them still display growth cone-like structure at their tips eight weeks after injury (see boxed area C′ enlarged in C″). (D) Few axons get diverted at this level and grow perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cavity. (E) Regenerating axons re-enter the original pathway and then grow along the vacated fiber tract. Enlarged boxes E′ and E″ show the course of these fibers. Scale bars: A: 500 μm, B: 100 μm, B′: 50 μm, C″: 10 μm. (F) Graph shows the cumulative ratios of anterograde labeled CST fibers in the various experimental groups (100% corresponds to the total number of labeled CST fibers in the intact cranial part of the cord). Only animals in the NE4C-1w-isp group were able to regenerate their CST axons beyond the caudal end of the remaining contusion cavity. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. *, significant difference between NE4C-1w-isp group with the control group (medium-1w-isp). Color image is available online.