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. 2019 Oct 8;28(5):235–244. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000218

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

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Real-time reconstructions of the fetal heart for 3 volunteers with increasing levels of motion. Time-averaged images of the heart and surrounding anatomy (A, D, G), M-mode displays of signal along the white dashed lines (B, E, H), and plots of displacement (D_x,y) versus time (C, F, I), calculated from the real-time reconstructions over a region of interest containing the heart. D_x and D_y represent the horizontal and vertical components of displacement, respectively. For volunteers 2 and 3, the M-modes show fetal cardiac motion (straight arrow) and maternal respiratory motion (curved arrow). For volunteer 4, the M-mode display shows the fetal stomach (straight arrow), which is used to identify through-plane motion. Reprinted with permission from J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:29 used under CC BY. Caption adapted from the original.