| Hook-wire |
Simple and most commonly used methods |
Patient discomfort or pain because of wire |
| No need for fluoroscopic guidance during surgery |
Risk of wire dislodgement or migration |
|
Risk of air embolism |
| Microcoil or spiral coil |
Can safely remain in body for relative long time |
Need fluoroscopic guidance during surgery for coil detection |
| Reduced patient discomfort or pain compared to hook-wire |
Risk of migration |
| Does not interfere histopathologic examination |
|
| Lower procedure related complication rate compared to hook-wire |
|
| Dye (methylene blue or indigo carmine) |
Simple and less costly methods than wire-related techniques |
Rapid dye diffusion: Localization must be performed within 3 hours before surgery |
| No need for fluoroscopic guidance during surgery |
Limited information on lesion depth |
|
Difficulty in identifying dye in case of extensive anthracotic pigmentation |
| Barium |
Simple and less costly methods than wire or coil techniques |
Can affect pathologic diagnosis because of inflammatory response |
| Remain stable in body for relative long time without diffusion |
Need fluoroscopic guidance during surgery |
| Provide information on lesion depth |
|
| Lipiodol |
Simple and easy methods |
Need fluoroscopic guidance during surgery |
| Remain stable in body for relative long time without diffusion |
Risk of spillage to pleural space |
| Do not cause inflammatory response in pathologic tissue |
|
| Provide information on lesion depth |
|
| Radiotracer (technetium-99m) |
Simple and less costly methods |
Short half-life (about 6 hours) |
| Remain stable in body for longer time (1 day) than dye |
Needs gamma probe |
|
Radiation exposure |
|
Risk of spillage to pleural space |
