. 2019 May 31;127(5):057012. doi: 10.1289/EHP4522

Table 3.

Statistically significant CpGs (FDR $p < 0.05$ ) associated with IQR increases in prenatal ${PM}_{2.5}$ ( $2 {μ g / m}^{3}$ ) exposure and DNA methylation in newborns (discovery meta-analysis), and replication in children (age 7–9 years) and adolescents (age 16 years).

Discovery meta-analysis						Replication: age 7–9 years		Replication: age 16 years
Prenatal ${PM}_{2.5}$ $\sim$ newborn methylation						BAMSE $EpiGene + MeDALL$ ( $n = 692$ )	HELIX ( $n = 603$ )	BAMSE ( $n = 198$ )
Chr	Position^b	CpG	Gene^c	$β$ (P-value)	Direction^d	$β$ (P-value)	$β$ (P-value)	$β$ (P-value)
7	132192823	cg16811875	PLXNA4	$- 0.003$ (2.67E-08)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	$- 0.0006$ (0.41)	$- 0.00085$ (0.19)	0.0001 (0.86)
12	8324628	cg12193649	ZNF705A	$- 0.004$ (1.37E-07)	$↓$ $↑$ $↓$ $↓$ XXXX	X	$- 0.00036$ (0.76)	X
14	104376135	cg11886880	$2, 5 kb$ down C14orf2	$- 0.001$ (1.81E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ X $↑$ $↓$ $↑$ $↑$ $↓$	$< 0.0001$ (0.78)	$- 0.00014$ (0.11)	0.0002 (0.50)
5	131132836	cg16253537	FNIP1	0.001 (4.10E-07)	$↑$ $↑$ $↑$ $↓$ $↑$ $↑$ $↑$ $↑$	$- 0.0004$ (0.37)	0.00008 (0.43)	0.0001 (0.63)
8	139890342	cg12044654	COL22A1	$- 0.001$ (6.42E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↑$ $↑$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	0.0004 (0.46)	$- 0.00033$ (0.07)	0.0001 (0.67)
13	114165365	cg19120073	TMCO3	$- 0.001$ (7.77E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↑$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	$< 0.0001$ (0.87)	$- 0.00013$ (0.39)	$- 0.0004$ (0.23)
12	132239000	cg05479174	SFRS8	$- 0.001$ (7.99E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↑$ $↑$ $↑$ $↑$ $↓$	0.0002 (0.87)	$- 0.00003$ (0.93)	0.0005 (0.44)
5	134879739	cg06846669	$8, 1 kb$ up NEUROG1	$- 0.002$ (8.92E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	$- 0.0002$ (0.59)	0.00007 (0.77)	$- 0.0001$ (0.88)
19	13875381	cg23270359	MRI1	$- 0.001$ (9.43E-07)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	$< 0.0001$ (0.84)	0.00035 (0.01)	$- 0.0001$ (0.71)
19	43690622	cg01011943	PSG5	0.003 (1.05E-06)	$↑$ $↑$ $↑$ $↓$ XXXX	X	$- 0.00008$ (0.93)	X
7	1177965	cg00348551	C7orf50	0.001 (1.13E-06)	$↑$ $↑$ X $↓$ XXX $↑$	0.0008 (0.13)	0.00010 (0.51)	$- 0.0004$ (0.32)
1	2251570	cg24709511	$1,1 kb$ down MORN1	$- 0.001$ (1.57E-06)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↑$ $↓$ $↑$ $↓$ $↓$	$- 0.0004$ (0.50)	$- 0.00020$ (0.30)	0.0004 (0.23)
8	42064673	cg22038738	PLAT	$- 0.004$ (1.61E-06)	$↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↑$ $↓$ $↓$	0.0008 (0.39)	$- 0.00079$ (0.51)	0.0006 (0.32)
1	247169036	cg02236896	ZNF695	$- 0.003$ (2.05E-06)	$↓$ $↓$ X $↑$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$ $↓$	$- 0.0012$ (0.34)	$- 0.00055$ (0.24)	$- 0.0003$ (0.64)

Note: $β$ , coefficient for methylation with an IQR increase in prenatal ${PM}_{2.5}$ exposure; CHR, chromosome.

Discovery meta-analysis does not include the Generation R cohort due to missing prenatal ${PM}_{2.5}$ data.

Chromosomal position based on NCBI human reference genome assembly Build 37.

UCSC annotated gene.

Direction of methylation for each cohort included in the analysis (INMA, Project Viva, CHS, PRISM, ENVIRONAGE, Rhea, Piccolipiù, EARLI): $↑ = increased methylation$ , $↓ = decreased methylation$ , $X = not available$ .