Table 2.
Summary of eccentric training regimens
| Study | Duration | Frequency | Intensity | Sets/reps | Equipment | Exercise(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bateman et al. (2014) [38] | 8 weeks | 2 times/day | Same intensity for all participants, increased for all after 4 weeks, pain during execution allowed but not specified | 3 × 15 | Elastic exercise band: yellow and red | Full can with elastic band, only eccentric phase |
| Blume et al. (2015) [35] | 8 weeks | 2 times/week | Approx. 70–80% of 1RM, no increase of pain during execution | 3 × 12 | Dumbbells | Full can; sidelying ER; sidelying IR; supine protraction; sidelying horizontal abduction; sidelying abduction; prone shoulder extension; all with dumbbell, only eccentric phase + Pectoralis minor and posterior shoulder stretch, thoracic spine extension, pain-free AROM in flexion and abduction (accessory exercises done daily) |
| Chaconas et al. (2017) [34] | 6 weeks | 1 time/day | Approx. 65% of 1RM (15–18 RM), no increase of pain during execution | 3 × 15 | TheraBand: green, blue, black, silver, gold |
ER with elastic band, only eccentric phase + Scapular retraction with elastic band, cross body posterior shoulder stretch |
| Dejaco et al. (2017) [37] | 12 weeks | 2 times/day | Pain reproduction, but not over 5 of 10 (NPRS) during execution | 3 × 8–15 | Duraband Servofit + dumbbell 1 kg (when needed) | ER with elastic band, only eccentric phase; empty can with/without dumbbell, only eccentric phase |
| Hallgren et al. (2014) [50] | Same intervention as in Holmgren et al (2012), long-term results | |||||
| Holmgren et al. (2012) [26] | 12 weeks | 2 times/day | Pain reproduction, but not over 5 of 10 (VAS/NPRS) during execution | 3 × 15 | Dumbbells + elastic exercise band |
Full can with dumbbell, only eccentric phase; ER with elastic band, only eccentric phase + 3 scapular stabilization exercises; posterior shoulder stretch |
| Maenhout et al. (2013) [25] | 12 weeks | 2 times/day | Pain reproduction, but not over 5 of 10 (VAS/NPRS) during execution | 3 × 15 | Dumbbells + TheraBand: different colors |
Full can with dumbbell, only eccentric phase + ER/IR with elastic band, no increase of pain during execution (3 × 10, once daily) |
| Vallés-Carrascosa et al. (2018) [32] | 4 weeks (painful eccentric exercise) | 5 times/week | Pain reproduction, but not over 40–50 mm VAS during execution | 3 × 10 | Dumbbells + elastic exercise band |
Full can with dumbbell, only eccentric phase + ER/IR with elastic band; 2 scapular stabilization exercises; trapezius-stretch |
| 4 weeks (pain-free eccentric exercise) | 5 times/week | No pain during execution, VAS = 0 mm | 3 × 10 | Dumbbells + elastic exercise band |
Full can with dumbbell, only eccentric phase + ER/IR with elastic band; 2 scapular stabilization exercises; trapezius-stretch |
|
Full can/empty can = shoulder abduction in scapular plane (scaption) with a thumbs up/thumbs down position; ER/IR external/internal rotation with neutral shoulder and elbow flexed 90°, RM Repetition Maximum, VAS Visual Analogue Scale, NPRS Numerical Pain Rating Scale