. 2019 Oct 15;12:246. doi: 10.1186/s13068-019-1585-6

Table 1.

Genetically encoded biosensors developed and applied to sense aromatic monomers and sugars towards lignin valorization

Target molecule(s)	Sensing element	Output element	Host organism	References
Aromatic monomers
Protocatechuic acid	PcaU	Engineered P_pcaU, P_3B5B	Escherichia coli	[69, 101]
	PcaU	Engineered P_pcaU	Pseudomonas putida	[70]
	PobR variant	P_pob	Escherichia coli	[75]
	PcaV	Engineered P_PV	Escherichia coli	[76]
Vanillin	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[68]
	Yap1/Msn2	P_adh7	Escherichia coli	[89]
	QacR variant	P_qacA	Escherichia coli	[74]
	nd	P_yeiW	Escherichia coli	[64]
	EmrR	Engineered P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[67]
	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
	YqhC	P_yqhD	Escherichia coli	[102]
	PcaV variant	Engineered P_PV	Escherichia coli	[76]
	VanR	Engineered P_VanO	Escherichia coli	[103]
	nd	P_LPD00563	Rhodococcus opacus	[104]
Vanillic acid	VanR	P_vanCC	Escherichia coli	[101]
	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[67]
	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
p-Coumaric acid	EmrR	Engineered P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[67]
	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
	PadR	P_padC	Corynebacterium glutamicum	[48]
Ferulic acid and related compounds	FerC	Engineered P_LC and P_PC	Escherichia coli	[66]
Ferulic acid and related compounds	FerC	P_ech	Escherichia coli	[88]
Cinnamaldehyde	BldR	P_Sso2536adh	Escherichia coli	[105]
Benzoic acid	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
	NahR	P_sal	Escherichia coli	[85]
	BenR	P_benA	Escherichia coli	[80]
	nd	P_LPD06580	Rhodococcus opacus	[104]
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
	PobR variant	P_pob	Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida	[75, 86]
	nd	P_LPD06764	Rhodococcus opacus	[104]
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid	NahR	P_sal	Escherichia coli	[85]
Benzaldehyde	BldR	P_Sso2536adh	Escherichia coli	[105]
Benzoic acid derivatives	XylS	P_m	Escherichia coli	[71]
Salicylic acid	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
Salicylic acid	Engineered AraC	P_BAD	Escherichia coli	[106]
Salicylaldehyde	BldR	P_Sso2536adh	Escherichia coli	[105]
Salicylaldehyde	NahR	P_sal	Escherichia coli	[85]
Salicylic acid derivatives	XylS, NahR	P_m, P_sal	Escherichia coli	[71]
Phenol	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[79]
Phenol derivatives	DmpR	P_o	Escherichia coli	[71]
Syringaldehyde	EmrR	P_emrR	Escherichia coli	[68]
BTX	XylR	Engineered P_o’	Escherichia coli	[65]
Other aromatic aldehydes	BldR	P_Sso2536adh	Escherichia coli	[105]
Other aromatic aldehydes	PcaV variant	Engineered P_PV	Escherichia coli	[76]
C5/C6 sugars
Xylose	XBP−XynA	P_xylF	Escherichia coli	[107]
	XylR	Engineered P_GAL1/XylR	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	[91]
	XylR–XBP	P_xylF	Escherichia coli	[95]
d-Arabinose	araF	FRET	Escherichia coli	[94]
d-Arabinose	AraC variant	P_BAD	Escherichia coli	[90]
l-Rhamnose	RhaS	P_rhaBAD	Escherichia coli	[96]
l-Mannose	RhaS	P_rhaBAD	Escherichia coli	[96]
Cellulase	CelR	P_TRC	Escherichia coli	[92]
Maltose	AraF	FRET	Escherichia coli	[94]
Glucose, glutamate	MglB, YbeJ	FRET	Escherichia coli	[93]

nd not determined