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. 2019 Jul 24;127(7):077007. doi: 10.1289/EHP4438

Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows three forest plots, plotting results from sensitivity analyses using stepwise inclusion of control variables into the models, alternative exposure windows, and survey periods (y-axis). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals are shown for all-cause mortality (ranging between 1.0 and 1.2 with increments of 0.1), for cardiopulmonary mortality (ranging between 1.0 and 1.4 with increments of 0.1), and for lung cancer mortality (ranging between 0.9 and 1.4 with increments of 0.1) (x-axis).

Illustration of model sensitivity analysis. Hazard ratios (and 95% CIs) associated with 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 estimated from various models are presented. Gray and black symbols indicate models that use the full cohort and subcohort, respectively. Diamonds indicate complex CPH models that control for the complex survey design, whereas circles indicate models that use the basic CPH models. Cause-of-death groupings are based on ICD-10 codes. Cardiopulmonary disease includes cardiovascular disease (I00–I09, I11, I13, I20–I51), cerebrovascular disease (I60–I69), chronic lower respiratory disease (J40–J47), and influenza and pneumonia (J09–J18). Lung cancer includes C33–C34. CI, confidence interval; CPH, Cox proportional hazards (regression model); HR, hazard ratio; PM2.5, particulate matter <2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter; ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Tenth Revision.