Amplification by PCR of DNA fragments specific for flop and flip sequences. A, Total RNA isolated from rat retinas was reverse-transcribed, and the DNA products were used as templates of PCR. Eight sets of primers specific for GluR1–4 (flip and flop) were used. The PCR products were digested with restriction endonucleases and then electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel. The digested fragments were visualized after staining with ethidium bromide. B, Schematic representation of the specific GluR-flip and -flop fragments amplified as in A. The restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns were used to confirm specific amplification. M, MaeI;H, HincII; S,StuI.