Table 1.

Evidence for the involvement of calcium influx, ROS production, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition, and caspase activation in 3NP-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells expressing mutant PS-1

	Vehicle	BAPTA	Percentage of cells with apoptotic nuclei					zVAD
			Nif	Dant	Cys A	GSH	PG
Control	6  ± 3.2	5  ± 3.5	4  ± 1.1	5  ± 1.3	5  ± 2.4	4  ± 0.7	7  ± 1.7	9  ± 3.4
3NP	42  ± 9.3*	13  ± 4.2**	11  ± 3.6**	12  ± 5.3**	12  ± 6.4**	11  ± 5.4**	11  ± 7.5**	15  ± 4.7**

Cultures were exposed to 2 mM 3NP for 48 hr and levels of apoptosis were quantified. Vehicle refers to saline. BAPTA, 5 μm BAPTA-AM; Nif, 10 μm nifedipine; Dant, 1 μm dantrolene; Cys A, 1 μm cyclosporin A; GSH, 1 mm glutathione ethyl ester; PG, 10 μmpropyl gallate; zVAD, 10 μm zVAD-fmk. Cultures were pretreated for 1 hr with the indicated agents before exposure to 3NP, and the agents were present during the exposure to 3NP. Cultures were exposed to 2 mm 3NP for 48 hr. Values are the mean and SEM of determinations made in six to eight cultures.

*p < 0.01 compared to value for vehicle-treated cultures.

**p < 0.01 compared to value for 3-NP-treated cultures. ANOVA with Scheffe’s post hoc tests.