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Changes in TNF-α level at Th12 over time after compressive trauma or a sham-operation. TNF-α levels at Th12 were measured before and after the induction of compressive trauma or sham-operation. Closed circles, Traumatized animals;open circles, sham-operated animals. Mean ± SD of five experiments. †p < 0.05 versus sham-operated group; *p < 0.01 versus sham-operated group.
