Table 1.
List of all biceps units, their best directions (degrees) as found from the threshold line and frequency cosine fit (where available), and their minimum threshold force magnitudes as found from the threshold line
| Experiment | Electrode/unit | Threshold | Frequency | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best direction (degrees) | Second best direction | Best direction | Second best direction | Threshold magnitude (newtons) | ||
| Subject A | ||||||
| 1 | I /1 | 16.1 (4.5) | 107.6 (12.0) | 13.3 | ||
| I /2 | 16.2 (4.0) | 114.8 (11.8) | 16.3 | |||
| I /3 | 26.4 (5.6) | 28.7 | 22.1 | |||
| 2 | II /1 | 19.4 (6.3) | not sig. | 18.4 | ||
| 3 | III /1a | 36.4 (12.2) | −40 (12.6) | 29.5 | −45.4 | 22.6 |
| III /2a | 26.3 (7.0) | −18.3 (4.8) | 13.6 | −18.5 | 22.3 | |
| 4 | III /2 | 30.5 (6.0) | −30.2 (10.4) | 23.3 | −26.6 | 23.7 |
| III /1* | 29.7 (5.4) | −38 (11.4) | not sig. | 15.0 | ||
| I /1a,* | 18.7 (6.5) | 16.6 | ||||
| I /2a | 31.9 (5.7) | 15.4 | ||||
| 5 | I /1 | 8.6 (6.3) | 8.1 | 19.1 | ||
| 6 | II /1 | 20.7 (3.6) | 17.6 | 21.3 | ||
| 7 | III /1 | 38.7 (10.7) | −10.4 (6.2) | 27.0 | ||
| 8 | II /1 | 40.2 (7.2) | 55.9 | 15.4 | ||
| 9 | III /1 | 18.8 (9.3) | 21.2 | |||
| Subject B | ||||||
| 1 | I /1 | −9.3 (8.9) | 37.6 (4.8) | −19.1 | 64.6 | 22.5 |
| 2 | I /1 | 21.1 (3.6) | −36.8 (3.8) | not sig. | 12.5 | |
| 3 | I /1 | 23.65 (6.4) | −29.9 (12.6) | 45.2 | −23.7 | 19.8 |
| 4 | I /1 | −0.34 (6.8) | 60.9 (40.1) | −15.6 | 46.6 | 15.6 |
| 5 | I /1 | 21.2 (4.4) | 29.9 | 11.4 | ||
| 6 | I /1** | −7.1 (3.2) | −6.1 | 12.1 | ||
| III /1** | 21.2 (6.4) | 24.6 | 12.4 | |||
| 7 | I /1** | −28.3 (17.5) | 34.1 (21.0) | −26.5 | 31.5 | 20.6 |
| III /1** | 23.7 (8.2) | −6.2 (6.0) | 29.3 | −21.2 | 16.2 | |
| 8 | II /1 | 16.44 (7.9) | 31.9 | 14.9 | ||
| 9 | I /1* | 11.5 (4.1) | 8.82 | 18.4 | ||
| III /1* | 22.3 (2.4) | 25.3 | 9.3 | |||
| III /2 | 48.1 (14.6) | −18.1 (11.9) | 63.3 | −19 | 22.0 | |
| 10 | II /1 | 23.1 (5.5) | 38.6 | 13.2 | ||
| 11 | III /1 | 31.6 (11.3) | 54.9 | 11.3 | ||
| 12 | II /1a | 22.5 (1.7) | 30.5 | 10.6 | ||
| II /2a | 15.7 (3.7) | 23.2 | 10.7 | |||
| Subject C | ||||||
| 1 | I /1 | 17 (5.5) | 0.7 | 26.0 | ||
| 2 | I /1 | 8.5 (6.9) | 16.8 | 12.6 | ||
| 3 | II /1 | 12.3 (5.0) | not sig. | 11.4 | ||
| 4 | III /1 | 49 (12.2) | 52.1 | 11.8 | ||
| 5 | II /1 | 18.3 (5.6) | 38.2 | 20.3 | ||
| III /1 | 18.6 (4.8) | 18.6 | 14.4 | |||
| 6 | II /1 | 20.88 (5.9) | 28.3 | 11.2 | ||
| II /2 | 18.6 (4.5) | 14.1 | 11.1 | |||
| III /1 | 31.4 (8.3) | 24.3 | 11.2 | |||
| 7 | I /1 | 25 (12.2) | 26.5 | 12.1 | ||
| 8 | I /1 | 35.9 (7.3) | 48.7 | 21.1 | ||
| 9 | III /1 | 12 (5.4) | 12.9 | |||
| II /1 | 15.7 (3.4) | 14.9 | ||||
| II /2 | 13.5 (4.2) | 13.2 | ||||
| 10 | I /1* | 12.8 (6.4) | 14.8 | |||
| III /1* | 20.4 (4.1) | 12.5 | ||||
| 11 | III /1 | 33.7 (3.0) | 36 | 9.8 | ||
| 12 | I /1 | 20.1 (7.5) | 11.3 | |||
| I /2 | 25.1 (8.6) | 39.6 | 11.8 | |||
| 13 | II /1 | 34 (3.9) | 39.8 | −47.2 | 8.3 | |
| III /1 | 31.5 (9.3) | 14.5 | ||||
| 14 | III /1* | 47.4 (16.0) | −31.5 (8.2) | 24.5 | ||
| II /1* | 26.8 (25.2) | −45.6 (4.7) | 13.6 | |||
Values in parentheses denote SEs. Units with significantly different best directions from the same electrode (3 pairs) or in the same experiment (6 pairs) are marked with a and *, respectively. (** mark differences significant at the p< 0.01 level.) Correspondence between degrees and directions in the sagittal plane are as follows: Up, 0; down, 180; forward, 90; back, −90. Threshold magnitudes are in newtons.