Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the ADHD and control groups
| ADHD (n = 17) | Control (n = 23) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (M/F) | 8/9 | 13/10 | NS |
| Age | 39.3 ± 6.2 | 33.7 ± 10.5 | 0.06 |
| Socioeconomic status1-a | 57.0 ± 24.5 | 63.0 ± 33.5 | NS |
| Relatives with ADHD | 13/17 | 5/17 | 0.001 |
| History of stimulants | 4/17 | 0/23 | 0.014 |
| History of smoking | 3/17 | 6/23 | NS |
| Utah criteria-past1-b | 4.94 ± 0.97 | 0.05 ± 0.21 | 0.000 |
| Utah criteria-present1-c | 5.41 ± 1.06 | 0.09 ± 0.43 | 0.000 |
| DSM-III-R past1-d | 11.6 ± 2.3 | 0.75 ± 1.06 | 0.000 |
| DSM-III-R present1-d | 11.0 ± 2.0 | 0.75 ± 1.39 | 0.000 |
| Conners ATRS1-e | 15.4 ± 4.08 | 2.00 ± 1.53 | 0.000 |
| IQ1-f | 112.33 ± 14.3 | 109.9 ± 15.2 | NS |
F1-a
SES for socioeconomic status; Hollingshead rating scale (upper-class = 19–31; lower-upper class = 32–55; upper-middle class = 56–86; lower-middle class = 87–115); scores are based on education and occupation.
F1-b
Six criteria for childhood history of ADHD.
F1-c
Seven criteria for the presence of ADHD in adulthood.
F1-d
Number of DSM-III-R criteria for ADHD (range 0–14) that were met by the subjects (ADHD if >8).
F1-e
Conners ATRS: 10-item parents’ rating scale for the degree of severity of ADHD; a score >12 is consistent with the diagnosis of ADHD.
F1-f
IQ measured by the WAIS-R.