ERK activation occurs in a tight spatial register with c-fos and zif 268 mRNA induction after unilateral stimulation of the corticostriatal pathway. Brain sections were processed for P-ERK immunoreactivity (A–C) and in situ hybridization of c-fos (D–F) and zif 268 (G–I) mRNAs. Sham-stimulated rats (sham; A, D, G) were electrode-implanted in the right cerebral cortex (arrow in A). Although P-ERK immunostaining (A) is not detectable, c-fos (D) and zif 268 (G) mRNAs are induced slightly in the implanted cortex, with no apparent upregulated signal in the striatum of sham-stimulated rats. Stimulated rats were electrode-implanted in the right cerebral cortex and received electrical cortical stimulation (double arrows in B, C) for either 15 min (15′ stim; B, E,H) or 60 min (60′ stim;C, F, I). At 15 min of stimulation a strong activation of P-ERK (B) occurred bilaterally in the lateral striatum (lSt), but not in the medial striatum (mSt). Note that this activation occurs in a spatial register with both c-fos(E) and zif 268(H) mRNA induction. At 60 min of cortical stimulation, although ERK activation (C) decreased in the lateral striatum, c-fos(F) and zif 268(I) mRNAs remained strongly induced bilaterally.