Table 2. Associations between anthropometric indicators of MAM or SAM and short-terma mortality.
| Anthropometric indicators | Mortality incidence per 1,000 children-years | Minimally adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI), by categoryb | p | Minimally adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI), overallb | p | Fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) by categoryc | p | Fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI), overallc | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All indicators | |||||||||
| No acute | 9.2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| MAM | 19.1 | 1.40 (0.52–3.77) | 0.508 | 1.43 (0.53–3.87) | 0.480 | ||||
| SAM | 19.7 | 2.23 (0.80–6.19) | 0.124 | 1.47 (0.89–2.43) | 0.128 | 2.56 (0.99–6.70) | 0.052 | 1.57 (0.96–2.55) | 0.070 |
| WLZ | |||||||||
| ≥−2 | 9.3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥−3 and <−2 | 21.1 | 1.14 (0.46–2.83) | 0.773 | 1.20 (0.47–3.04) | 0.702 | ||||
| <−3 | 25.0 | 2.80 (0.94–8.37) | 0.064 | 1.53 (0.88–2.65) | 0.131 | 3.33 (1.23–8.99) | 0.018 | 1.65 (0.98–2.78) | 0.061 |
| MUAC | |||||||||
| ≥12.5 | 10.3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥11.5 and <12.5 | 24.4 | 3.81 (1.57–9.24) | 0.003 | 3.87 (1.63–9.18) | 0.002 | ||||
| <11.5 | 11.3 | 1.95 (0.24–15.5) | 0.527 | 2.13 (1.25–3.62) | 0.005 | 1.89 (0.23–15.2) | 0.551 | 2.10 (1.25–3.53) | 0.005 |
| Oedema | |||||||||
| No | 12.2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Yes | 67.4 | 4.79 (0.61–37.6) | 0.136 | 5.87 (0.94–36.5) | 0.058 |
aHazard ratios reflect the impact of a malnutrition indicator until its value is updated at a subsequent follow-up visit.
bAdjusted for clustering using robust standard errors.
cAdjusted for child’s sex, trial allocation, district, and clustering using robust standard errors.
Abbreviations: MAM, moderate acute malnutrition; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; SAM, severe acute malnutrition; WLZ, weight-for-length z score