Table 3. Association between subphenotypes and various echocardiographic and arterial stiffness measures in individuals without overt HF (sample 1).
| CHD | Metabolic syndrome | Hyper-tension | Obesity only | Referent group | P for difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 185 | 1595 | 482 | 383 | 2891 | |
| Women, N (%) | 65 (35%) | 732 (46%) | 253 (52%) | 215 (56%) | 1745 (60%) | |
| LVEF (%) | 62.9 (0.006) | 65.9 (0.002) | 66.3 (0.004) | 65.4 (0.004) | 65.4 (0.002) | <0.0001 |
| LV wall thickness (cm) | 1.90 (0.008) | 1.90 (0.003) | 1.87 (0.005) | 1.87 (0.005) | 1.76 (0.002) | <0.0001 |
| LV mass (g) | 174 (0.01) | 167 (0.005) | 160 (0.009) | 166 (0.01) | 146 (0.004) | <0.0001 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension (cm) | 5.1 (0.006) | 4.9 (0.002) | 4.9 (0.003) | 5.0 (0.004) | 4.8 (0.001) | <0.0001 |
| MAPSE (cm) | 1.57 (0.02) | 1.55 (0.006) | 1.55 (0.01) | 1.63 (0.01) | 1.58 (0.004) | <0.0001 |
| E/A ratio | 1.22 (0.02) | 1.11 (0.06) | 1.12 (0.01) | 1.16 (0.01) | 1.26 (0.005) | <0.0001 |
| E/e’ ratio | 6.67 (0.02) | 6.39 (0.01) | 6.20 (0.01) | 6.33 (0.01) | 5.70 (0.005) | <0.0001 |
| LA end-systolic dimension (cm) | 4.0 (0.008) | 3.9 (0.003) | 3.7 (0.005) | 4.0 (0.006) | 3.6 (0.002) | <0.0001 |
| Longitudinal strain (%) | -19.1 (0.2) | -19.5 (0.08) | -19.9 (0.1) | -20.0 (0.1) | -20.9 (0.06) | <0.0001 |
| Circumferential strain (%) | -27.8 (0.4) | -29.9 (0.1) | -29.8 (0.2) | -29.5 (0.2) | -29.6 (0.09) | <0.0001 |
| Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cm/s) | 7.9 (0.2) | 8.1 (0.05) | 8.0 (0.09) | 7.4 (0.1) | 7.1 (0.04) | <0.0001 |
| Central pulse pressure, pressure flow (mm Hg) | 60.2 (0.02) | 57.8 (0.006) | 62.6 (0.01) | 52.6 (0.01) | 51.1 (0.005) | <0.0001 |
Values are cohort, age-, and sex adjusted least square mean with standard errors. CHD, coronary heart disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion.