Table 1.
Summary of mechanisms involved in development and expression of peripheral opioid tolerance and dependence
| Tolerance | Dependence | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Development | Expression | Development | Expression |
| NO | Ca2+ | PKC | PKC, cAMP, Ca2+ |
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.