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. 2019 Aug 1;31(10):1247–1263. doi: 10.1037/pas0000744

Table 1. Contemporary Psychological Descriptions of Mindfulness: What and How.

Author(s) What How
Kabat-Zinn, 1994, 2003 Paying attention, or the awareness that arises through paying attention On purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally; with an affectionate, compassionate quality, a sense of openhearted friendly presence and interest
Marlatt & Kristeller, 1999 Bringing one’s complete attention to present experiences On a moment-to-moment basis, with an attitude of acceptance and loving kindness
Bishop et al., 2004 Self-regulation of attention so that it is maintained on immediate experience With an orientation characterized by curiosity, openness, and acceptance
Germer, Siegel, & Fulton, 2005 Awareness of present experience With acceptance: an extension of nonjudgment that adds a measure of kindness or friendliness
Linehan, 2015 The act of focusing the mind in the present moment Without judgment or attachment, with openness to the fluidity of each moment