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. 2019 Aug 1;31(10):1247–1263. doi: 10.1037/pas0000744

Table 2. Characteristics of Included Studies (N = 37).

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Study Sample Mean age in years; % female MBI (baseline n) n weekly sessions, total hoursa Active control (baseline n); matched or unmatchedb Mindfulness measure Fidelity to MBI reportedc Data type Total quality score based on risk of bias (/7)
All MBI Active control
Note. MBI = mindfulness-based intervention; MBCT = mindfulness-based cognitive therapy; MBSR = mindfulness based stress reduction; MAAS = Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; KIMS = Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills; CAMS–R = Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised; TMS = Toronto Mindfulness Scale; FMI = Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; FFMQ = Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; MBRP = mindfulness-based relapse prevention; ITT = intent to treat.
a The total number of hours in the MBI includes the retreat. If the length of the retreat was not mentioned, this was assumed to be six hours. b Whether the active control condition was matched or unmatched for same or greater amount of face-to-face contact time and number of sessions as the MBI. c Whether formal checks of fidelity to the MBI are reported in the paper.
Armstrong and Rimes (2016) University students and staff high in neuroticism — 29.4; 94.2 29.7; 88.2 MBCT (17) 8, 16 Online CBT self-help (17); unmatched FFMQ-39 No ITT 4
Barrett et al. (2012) Adults aged ≥50 with frequent colds — 60.0; 82.4 59.0; 83 MBSR (51) 8, 20 8-week group exercise program (47); matched MAAS No ITT 4
Cherkin et al. (2016) Chronic low back pain 49.3; 65.7 50.0; 61.2 49.1; 58.9 MBSR (116) 8, 22 8-week group CBT (112); unmatched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 7
Chiesa et al. (2015) Major depression, unremitted after 8 weeks ADM — 50.9; 70 46.7; 75 MBCT (23) 8, 16 8-week psychoeducation (20); matched FFMQ-39 No ITT 5
Eisendrath et al. (2016) Major depression, taking ADM — 47.1; 75.9 45.2; 76.7 MBCT (87) 8, 18 8-week group health enhancement (86); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 7
Farver-Vestergaard et al. (2018) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 67.2; 57.1 66.67; 61.5 67.67; 53.3 MBCT (39) 8, 14 8-week group pulmonary rehabilitation (45); unmatched FFMQ-39 No ITT 5
Garland, Rouleau, Campbell, Samuels, and Carlson (2015) Nonmetastatic cancer and insomnia — 60.3; 62 58.7; 79 MBSR (32) 8, 18 8-week group CBT for insomnia (40); unmatched FFMQ-39 No Completer 6
Goldberg et al. (2016) Nonclinical: no psychiatric diagnosis in past year 48.1; 63.2 — — MBSR (43) 8, 28 8-week group health enhancement (42); matched FFMQ-39 No ITT 6
Goldin, Ziv, Jazaieri, and Gross (2012) Generalised social anxiety disorder, no medication — 32.9; 61.3 32.9; 40 MBSR (31) 8, 26 8-week aerobic exercise (25); unmatched KIMS No Completer 3
Goldin et al. (2016) Generalised social anxiety disorder, no medication — 29.9; 55.6 34.1; 55.6 MBSR (36) 12, 30 12 sessions group CBT (36); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 2
Gross et al. (2010) Solid-organ transplants ≥6 months prior to study entry — 55; 46 52; 44 MBSR (71) 8, 26 8-week group health education (66); unmatched MAAS No ITT 5
Gross et al. (2011) Primary chronic insomnia — 47; 75 53.5; 70 MBSR (20) 8, 26 Pharmacotherapy for chronic insomnia (10); unmatched CAMS-R No Completer 5
Hoge et al. (2015) Primary generalised anxiety disorder 37.6; 55 — — MBSR (19) 8, 20 8-week group stress management education (19); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 3
Hou, Wong, Lo, Mak, and Ma (2014) Stressed caregivers of relatives with chronic illness — 57.9; 86.7 57.1; 80.6 MBSR (70) 8, 16 self-help health education booklet (71); unmatched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 4
Huijbers et al. (2015) ≥3 prior depressive episodes, full or partial remission, taking ADM — 51.9; 73 51.6; 71 MBCT (33) 8, 26 Maintenance ADM (35); unmatched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 5
James and Rimes (2018) University students high in perfectionism — MBCT (28) 8, 16 Self-help psychoeducation booklet (32); unmatched FFMQ-39 No ITT 5
Jedel et al. (2013) Inactive ulcerative colitis — 46.0; 44.4 39.7; 67.9 MBSR (27) 8, 20 8-week group mind/body medicine psychoeducation (28); unmatched MAAS No ITT 6
Jensen, Vangkilde, Frokjaer, and Hasselbalch (2012) Nonclinical: healthy students range: 20–36; 66 — — MBSR (16) 8, 27 8-week group stress reduction course (16); unmatched MAAS No ITT 4
Johns et al. (2016) Nonmetastatic breast and colorectal cancer and persistent fatigue — 56.9; 94.3 56.4; 86.1 MBSR (35) 8, 16 8-week group support and psychoeducation (36); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 7
Kuyken et al. (2008) ≥3 prior depressive episodes, full or partial remission, taking ADM — 49.0; 77 49.4; 76 MBCT (61) 8, 16 Maintenance ADM (62); unmatched KIMS Yes ITT 6
Kuyken et al. (2015) ≥3 prior depressive episodes, full or partial remission, taking ADM — 50; 71 49; 82 MBCT (212) 8, 18 Maintenance ADM (212); unmatched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 6
Mallya and Fiocco (2016) Healthy adults ≥60 years living independently in community — 68.8; 77 69.7; 70 MBSR (57) 8, 20 8-week reading and relaxation group (40); matched MAAS Yes ITT 4
Manicavasagar, Perich, and Parker (2012) Major depression — 47; 63 45; 65 MBCT (30) 8, 20 8-week group CBT (39); matched MAAS Yes Completer 5
McKenna, Marks, Hallsworth, and Schaette (2017) Adults with tinnitus and clinical levels of psychological distress median (IQR): 50 (16); 45 median (IQR): 47 (17); 46 median (IQR): 53 (14); 44 MBCT (39) 8, 16 8-week group relaxation training (36); matched MAAS Yes ITT 6
Morone et al. (2016) ≥65 years, chronic low back pain — 75; 66.4 74; 66.2 MBSR (140) 8, 12 8-week group health education (142); matched MAAS No ITT 7
Pbert et al. (2012) Persistent asthma — 51.9; 64.3 53.6; 70.7 MBSR (42) 8, 26 8-week group healthy living course (41); matched FFMQ-39 No ITT 5
Polusny et al. (2015) Veterans with full or subthreshold PTSD 58.5; 16 57.6; 21 59.4; 10 MBSR (58) 8, 26 hours 30 mins 9-week present-centred group therapy (58); unmatched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 7
Raja-Khan et al. (2017) Women who are overweight or obese 44.5; 100 47.0; 100 42.2; 100 MBSR (42) 8, 26 8-week group health education course (44); matched TMS No ITT 7
Schmidt et al. (2011) Women with fibromyalgia 52.5; 100 53.4; 100 51.9; 100 MBSR (53) 8, 27 8-week group relaxation, stretching, education, support (59); unmatched FMI No ITT 6
Segal et al. (2010) ≥2 prior depressive episodes, in remission 44; 63 44.8; 50 45.8; 71 MBCT (26) 8, 22 Maintenance ADM (28); unmatched MAAS Yes ITT 5
Shallcross et al. (2015) ≥1 prior depressive episode, in remission — 36.7; 76 33; 76 MBCT (46) 8, 20 Group health enhancement (46); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 5
Simshäuser et al. (in press; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00826475) Migraine with or without aura, ≥2 attacks per month — 43.8; 90.3 43.9; 93.3 MBSR (31) 8, 26 3 sessions education and relaxation (30); unmatched FMI No Completer —
Vidrine et al. (2016) Current cigarette smokers motivated to quit smoking 48.7; 54.9 48.4; 54.6 48.8; 54.2 MBCT (154) 8, 16 8-week group CBT (155); matched KIMS No ITT 5
Wetherell et al. (2017) Current depressive and/or anxiety disorder and current subjective aging-related neurocognitive problems 71.9; 73 70.4; 72 73.3; 73 MBSR (47) 8, 15 8 week group health education program (56); unmatched CAMS-R No ITT 6
Williams et al. (2014) ≥3 prior episodes of MDD, in remission 43; 72 — — MBCT (108) 8, 16 8 week group cognitive psychoeducation (110); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 7
Witkiewitz et al. (2014) Women with history of illegal activity (drug use/possession, burglary, prostitution) — 35.8; 100 32.4; 100 MBRP (55) 16 sessions in 8 weeks, 13 hours 20 mins 16 sessions over 8 weeks group relapse prevention (50); matched FMI No ITT 4
Wong et al. (2016) Generalised anxiety disorder 50; 79.1 50.4; 78.7 50.8; 78.7 MBCT (61) 8, 16 8 week group CBT-based psychoeducation (61); matched FFMQ-39 Yes ITT 4