Table 5. Effect Sizes for Mindfulness Total Scores for Individual Studies, Categorized by Type of Active Control Group, Mindfulness Measure Used, Matching for Session Time, and Fidelity Check for the MBI.
| Comparison | FFMQ | KIMS | MAAS | FMI | CAMS–R | TMSa | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author | g | First author | g | First author | g | First author | g | First author | g | First author | g | |
| Note. CI = confidence interval; FFMQ = Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; KIMS = Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills; MAAS = Mindful Attention Awareness Scale; FMI = Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory; CAMS–R = Cognitive Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised; TMS = Toronto Mindfulness Scale. Values in bold are from studies in which the mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and active control were matched for session time. Values in italics are from studies that included a fidelity check of the MBI. | ||||||||||||
| a Only one study used the TMS and this was excluded from the mindfulness measure moderator analysis. | ||||||||||||
| MBI vs CBT-based | James | .74 | Vidrine | −.06 | Manicavasagar | −.34 | Witkiewitz | −.07 | ||||
| Armstrong | .48 | |||||||||||
| Williams | .20 | |||||||||||
| Goldin (16) | .16 | |||||||||||
| Wong | −.18 | |||||||||||
| MBI vs medication | Kuyken (15) | .42 | Segal | .08 | Gross (11) | .38 | ||||||
| Huijbers | .39 | Kuyken (08) | .60 | |||||||||
| MBI vs other | Hoge | .62 | Goldin (12) | .64 | Jensen | .76 | Schmidt | .26 | Wetherell | .55 | Raja-Khan | .57 |
| Pbert | .57 | Gross (10) | .12 | |||||||||
| Polusny | .52 | McKenna | .12 | |||||||||
| Farver-Vestergaard | .45 | Barrett | .08 | Simshauser | −.03 | |||||||
| Hou | .07 | Morone | −.28 | |||||||||
| Johns | .00 | Jedel | −.29 | |||||||||
| Goldberg | −.02 | Mallya | −.33 | |||||||||
| Shallcross | −.26 | |||||||||||