A: Localization of mRNA encoding the βA subunit in kidney specimens of patients with renal AAV was examined by in situ hybridization. Hybridization signals are shown as blue color. Magnification, ×1000. (a) normal glomeruli, (b, d) crescentic glomeruli, (c) tubules. Detection using (a-c) anti-sense probe or (d) sense probe (control). B: Colocalization of activin A βA subunit and LTL in normal kidney specimens obtained from patients who underwent nephrectomy because of renal cancer. βA subunit (red), LTL (green) and DAPI (blue). Magnification, ×400. C, D: Colocalization of βA subunit for activin A and CD68 in glomeruli (B) and interstitium (C) of kidney specimens of patients with renal AAV. βA subunit (green), CD68 (red), DAPI (blue). Magnification, ×400. E: Colocalization of activin A βA subunit and LTL in kidney specimens of renal AAV patients. βA subunit (red), LTL (green) and DAPI (blue). Magnification, ×1000.