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. 2019 Sep 18;8:e48429. doi: 10.7554/eLife.48429

Table 2. Description of the hypotheses for overharvesting with general, qualitative predictions for the degree of overharvesting in each experiment.

Quantitative predictions depend on the exact formalization of each model and its specific parameters.

Hypothesis Experimental predictions
Subjective Costs A cost term c reduces the value of leaving a patch. Predicts greater overharvesting with higher c. Not affected by specific manipulations to reward or time. Rats will follow qualitative predictions of the Marginal Value Theorem, but exhibit an equal degree of overharvesting across conditions in each experiment.
Nonlinear Reward Utility Subjective value increases sublinear to reward magnitude. Predicts greater overharvesting with steeper utility functions with larger rewards. Rats will exhibit an equal degree of ovarharvesting in all experiments except for the Scale experiment. In the Scale experiment, rats will overharvest more in the conditions with larger rewards.
Biased Time Perception i) Post-reward delays perceived as shorter, ii) pre-reward delays perceived as longer, or iii) longer delays (irrespective of their placement) perceived as shorter. All three hypotheses predict greater overharvesting with longer delays. Rats will exhibit a greater degree of overharvesting in the condition with longer delays in the Scale environment, in the condition with the longer post-reward delay in the Pre-vs-Post experiment, and in the condition with longer post-reward delay in the Post-Reward Delay experiment
Temporal Discounting Value of future rewards discounted due to delay to receive them. Predicts greater overharvesting with greater levels of discounting and with longer delays Rats will overharvest to a greater degree in the conditions with longer delays in the Scale and Post-Reward Delay experiments and they will leave patches earlier due to the longer pre-reward delay in the Pre-vs-Post experiment.