Table 5.
Effects of six aqueous plant extracts, synthetic insecticides, and detergent solution on the survival of Brevicoryne brassicae nymphs and adults (mean ± SEM) in semifield experiments at 3, 7, and 15 d after application (DAA)
| 3 d | 7 d | 15 d | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatments | DAA | DAA | DAA |
| Chlorpyrifos | 0.0 ± 0.0A | 0.0 ± 0.0A | 0.0 ± 0.0A |
| Imidacloprid | 2.2 ± 0.7AB | 0.0 ± 0.0A | 0.0 ± 0.0A |
| D. utilis | 30.2 ± 5.9ABC | 21.2 ± 5.8AB | 16.4 ± 8.8AB |
| Clibadium sp. | 37.8 ± 6.9BCD | 37.8 ± 7.1BC | 22.8 ± 8.2BC |
| D. costata | 38.2 ± 5.7BCD | 47.2 ± 11.7BC | 24.0 ± 7.6BC |
| X. purpuratum | 46.0 ± 7.4CDE | 44.4 ± 9.9 BC | 32.6 ± 9.3BC |
| W. solanacea | 55.4 ± 9.8CDE | 58.0 ± 18.0 BC | 27.8 ± 12.4BC |
| C. citratus | 62.0 ± 4.1DE | 39.6 ± 6.0 BC | 28.2 ± 6.7BC |
| Water + detergent | 63.0 ± 6.7DE | 53.8 ± 10.2 BC | 38.6 ± 9.0BC |
| Water | 76.6 ± 9.6E | 78.0 ± 13.5C | 57.4 ± 17.1C |
Each experiment was replicated five times. Means within a column with different letters differ significantly (P < 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis test).