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. 2019 Aug 2;34(11):1852–1857. doi: 10.1007/s00380-019-01479-x

Table 3.

Incidence rate and univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards analysis of ISTH major bleeding

ISTH major bleeding
No. of event (%/year) HR 95% CI p value
Overall 215 (1.2)
Sex
 Male 147 (1.2) Reference 0.8223
 Female 68 (1.2) 1.0 0.7, 1.3
Age class 1 (years-old)
 < 65 26 (0.7) Reference 0.0027
 ≥ 65 189 (1.4) 1.9 1.2, 2.8
Age class 2 (years-old)
 < 65 26 (0.7) Reference < 0.0001
 65–74 66 (1.0) 1.3 0.8, 2.1
 ≥ 75 123 (1.7) 2.4 1.6, 3.6
Body weight (kg)
 ≥ 60 125 (1.3) Reference 0.7249
 50–59 52 (1.1) 0.9 0.7, 1.3
 < 50 31 (1.3) 1.1 0.7, 1.6
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
 < 160 199 (1.3) Reference 0.2772
 ≥ 160 6 (0.8) 0.6 0.3, 1.4
CrCl (mL/min)
 ≥ 50 138 (1.1) Reference < 0.0001
 30–49 59 (1.8) 1.8 1.3, 2.4
 < 30 9 (2.9) 2.9 1.5, 5.6
Comorbiditya
 CHF
  – 149 (1.2) Reference 0.1140
  + 66 (1.4) 1.3 1.0, 1.7
 Hypertension
  – 53 (1.1) Reference 0.1770
  + 162 (1.3) 1.2 0.9, 1.7
 Angina pectoris
  – 181 (1.2) Reference 0.0543
  + 34 (1.7) 1.4 0.9, 2.1
 Diabetes mellitus
  – 159 (1.2) Reference 0.4925
  + 56 (1.3) 1.1 0.8, 1.5
 Aortic aneurysm
  – 210 (1.2) Reference 0.2144
  + 5 (2.1) 1.7 0.7, 4.2
 DVT
  – 212 (1.2) Reference 0.0823
  + 3 (3.1) 2.6 0.9, 8.3
 PE
  – 214 (1.2) Reference 0.5833
  + 1 (2.2) 1.7 0.2, 12.3
 Dyslipidemia
  – 125 (1.2) Reference 0.9155
  + 90 (1.2) 1.0 0.8, 1.3
 Liver dysfunction
  – 195 (1.2) Reference 0.0252
  + 20 (2.0) 1.7 1.1, 2.7
 Renal dysfunction
  – 215 (1.2) Reference 0.6682
  + 0 (0.0) < 0.001 < 0.001, > 999.9
Medical history
 Stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic)
  – 154 (1.1) Reference 0.0065
  + 61 (1.7) 1.5 1.1, 2.0
 Transient ischemic attack
  – 208 (1.2) Reference 0.8415
  + 7 (1.3) 1.1 0.5, 2.3
 Systemic embolism
  – 215 (1.2) Reference 0.1736
  + 0 (0.0) < 0.001 < 0.001, > 999.9
 Vascular disease (MI/PAD)
  – 196 (1.2) Reference 0.1345
  + 19 (1.7) 1.4 0.9, 2.3
 Malignant tumor
  – 189 (1.2) Reference 0.1145
  + 26 (1.7) 1.4 0.9, 2.1
 Bleeding/disposition of bleeding
  – 200 (1.2) Reference 0.0240
  + 15 (2.1) 1.8 1.1, 3.1
 Rivaroxaban dosage
  15 mg/day 108 (1.1) Reference 0.0635
  10 mg/day 107 (1.4) 1.3 1.0, 1.7
 Amount of drinking (unit/week)
  No 128 (1.4) Reference 0.0649
  < 8 57 (1.0) 0.7 0.5, 1.0
  ≥ 8 30 (1.3) 0.9 0.6, 1.4
 History of smoking
  No 126 (1.2) Reference 0.4144
  In the past 71 (1.4) 1.2 0.9, 1.6
  Current 18 (1.0) 0.9 0.5, 1.4
 Type of AF
  PAF 89 (1.1) Reference 0.3453
  Non-PAFb 126 (1.3) 1.1 0.9, 1.5
 Using concomitant anti-plateletsa
  – 166 (1.1) Reference 0.0003
  + 49 (2.0) 1.8 1.3, 2.5
 Using concomitant NSAIDsa
  – 211 (1.2) Reference 0.7265
  + 4 (1.0) 0.8 0.3, 2.3
 CHADS2 score
  < 3 121 (1.0) Reference 0.0009
  ≥ 3 94 (1.6) 1.6 1.2, 2.1
 CHA2DS2-VASc score
  < 4 92 (1.0) Reference 0.0001
  ≥ 4 123 (1.6) 1.7 1.3, 2.2
 HAS-BLED score
  < 2 92 (0.9) Reference < 0.0001
  ≥ 2 111 (1.7) 1.9 1.4, 2.5

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ISTH International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, CrCl creatinine clearance, MI myocardial infraction, PAD peripheral arterial disease, AF atrial fibrillation, PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

aReference; without factor

bPersistent and permanent atrial fibrillation