Table 3.
Incidence rate and univariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards analysis of ISTH major bleeding
| ISTH major bleeding | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of events (%/year) | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Overall | 176 (1.0) | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 115 (1.0) | Reference | 0.8223 | |
| Female | 61 (1.1) | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.3 | |
| Age class 1 (years-old) | ||||
| < 65 | 26 (1.8) | Reference | 0.0027 | |
| < 65 | 189 (3.3) | 1.9 | 1.2, 2.8 | |
| Age class 2 (years-old) | ||||
| < 65 | 23 (0.7) | Reference | <.0001 | |
| 65–74 | 60 (0.9) | 1.3 | 0.8, 2.1 | |
| ≥ 75 | 93 (1.3) | 2.4 | 1.6, 3.6 | |
| Body weight (kg) | ||||
| ≥ 60 | 84 (0.8) | Reference | 0.7249 | |
| 50–59 | 50 (1.1) | 0.9 | 0.7, 1.3 | |
| < 50 | 33 (1.4) | 1.1 | 0.7, 1.6 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| < 160 | 156 (1.0) | Reference | 0.2772 | |
| ≥ 160 | 12 (1.6) | 0.6 | 0.3, 1.4 | |
| CrCl (mL/min) | ||||
| ≥ 50 | 112 (0.9) | Reference | < 0.0001 | |
| 30–49 | 49 (1.5) | 1.8 | 1.3, 2.4 | |
| < 30 | 3 (1.0) | 2.9 | 1.5, 5.6 | |
| Comorbiditya | ||||
| CHF | ||||
| – | 149 (1.2) | Reference | 0.1140 | |
| + | 66 (1.4) | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.7 | |
| Hypertension | ||||
| – | 53 (1.1) | Reference | 0.1770 | |
| + | 162 (1.3) | 1.2 | 0.9, 1.7 | |
| Angina pectoris | ||||
| – | 181 (1.2) | Reference | 0.0543 | |
| + | 34 (1.7) | 1.4 | 0.9, 2.1 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||
| – | 159 (1.2) | Reference | 0.4925 | |
| + | 56 (1.3) | 1.1 | 0.8, 1.5 | |
| Aortic aneurysm | ||||
| – | 210 (1.2) | Reference | 0.2144 | |
| + | 5 (2.1) | 1.7 | 0.7, 4.2 | |
| DVT | ||||
| – | 212 (1.2) | Reference | 0.0823 | |
| + | 3 (3.1) | 2.6 | 0.9, 8.3 | |
| PE | ||||
| – | 214 (1.2) | 0.5833 | ||
| + | 1 (2.2) | 1.7 | 0.2, 12.3 | |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||
| – | 125 (1.2) | 0.9155 | ||
| + | 90 (1.2) | 1.0 | 0.8, 1.3 | |
| Liver dysfunction | ||||
| – | 195 (1.2) | 0.0252 | ||
| + | 20 (2.0) | 1.7 | 1.1, 2.7 | |
| Renal dysfunction | ||||
| – | 215 (1.2) | 0.6682 | ||
| + | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001, > 999.9 | |
| Medical history | ||||
| Stroke (ischemic/hemorrhagic) | ||||
| – | 154 (1.1) | Reference | 0.0065 | |
| + | 61 (1.7) | 1.5 | 1.1, 2.0 | |
| Transient ischemic attack | ||||
| – | 208 (1.2) | Reference | 0.8415 | |
| + | 7 (1.3) | 1.1 | 0.5, 2.3 | |
| Systemic embolism | ||||
| – | 215 (1.2) | Reference | 0.1736 | |
| + | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001, > 999.9 | |
| Vascular disease (MI/PAD) | ||||
| – | 196 (1.2) | Reference | 0.1345 | |
| + | 19 (1.7) | 1.4 | 0.9, 2.3 | |
| Malignant tumor | ||||
| – | 189 (1.2) | Reference | 0.1145 | |
| + | 26 (1.7) | 1.4 | 0.9, 2.1 | |
| Bleeding/disposition of bleeding | ||||
| – | 200 (1.2) | Reference | 0.0240 | |
| + | 15 (2.1) | 1.8 | 1.1, 3.1 | |
| Rivaroxaban dosage | ||||
| 15 mg/day | 108 (1.1) | Reference | 0.0635 | |
| 10 mg/day | 107 (1.4) | 1.3 | 1.0, 1.7 | |
| Amount of drinking (unit/week) | ||||
| No | 128 (1.4) | Reference | 0.0649 | |
| < 8 | 57 (1.0) | 0.7 | 0.5, 1.0 | |
| ≥ 8 | 30 (1.3) | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.4 | |
| History of smoking | ||||
| No | 126 (1.2) | Reference | 0.4144 | |
| In the past | 71 (1.4) | 1.2 | 0.9, 1.6 | |
| Current | 18 (1.0) | 0.9 | 0.5, 1.4 | |
| Type of AF | ||||
| PAF | 89 (1.1) | Reference | 0.3453 | |
| Non-PAFb | 126 (1.3) | 1.1 | 0.9, 1.5 | |
| Using concomitant anti-plateletsa | ||||
| – | 166 (1.1) | Reference | 0.0003 | |
| + | 49 (2.0) | 1.8 | 1.3, 2.5 | |
| Using concomitant NSAIDsa | ||||
| – | 211 (1.2) | Reference | 0.7265 | |
| + | 4 (1.0) | 0.8 | 0.3, 2.3 | |
| CHADS2 score | ||||
| < 3 | 121 (1.0) | Reference | 0.0009 | |
| ≥ 3 | 94 (1.6) | 1.6 | 1.2, 2.1 | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | ||||
| < 4 | 92 (1.0) | Reference | 0.0001 | |
| ≥ 4 | 123 (1.6) | 1.7 | 1.3, 2.2 | |
| HAS-BLED score | ||||
| < 2 | 92 (0.9) | Reference | < 0.0001 | |
| ≥ 2 | 111 (1.7) | 1.9 | 1.4, 2.5 | |
HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, ISTH International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, CrCl creatinine clearance, MI myocardial infarction, PAD peripheral arterial disease, AF atrial fibrillation, PAF paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
P values were determined by log-rank test
aReference; without factor
bPersistent and permanent atrial fibrillation