Table 5.

The association between each ambient particulate air pollutant and lung function indices, in a two-pollutant model (n = 1241).

	FVC	FEV1	FEV1/FVC	FEF25–75%	FEF25%	FEF50%
PM 2.5
with PM2.5–10	−94.58*	−22.89	0.02**	131.70*	−187.05	90.49
with NO2	−106.63****	−73.82***	0.005	−27.87	−424.67****	−87.53
with CO	−105.41****	−71.43***	0.005	−23.24	−402.79****	−87.73
with O3	−105.99****	−72.47***	0.005	−23.89	−416.61****	−84.81
with SO2	−113.84**	−94.69**	0.001	−97.73	−254.33*	−150.11
PM 2.5–10
with PM2.5	−16.57	−70.74*	−0.02**	−222.33**	−328.24**	−249.50**
with NO2	−107.47****	−90.71****	−0.003	−104.36*	−509.51****	−179.07**
with CO	−110.61***	−98.37****	−0.004	−113.35*	−503.95****	−198.49***
with O3	−109.21***	−96.51****	−0003	−101.77*	−524.44****	−174.39**
with SO2	−73.37*	−91.25***	−0.011*	−172.55***	−342.63***	−218.25**
SO 2
with PM2.5	1.70	4.88	0.001	16.21	−38.05	14.33
with PM2.5–10	−7.62	0.005	0.002*	18.63*	−41.86**	13.61
with NO2	−17.89***	−11.34**	0.001	0.53	−96.66****	−8.77
with CO	−16.09***	−9.92**	0.001	1.35	−84.30****	−8.02
with O3	−16.70***	−10.41**	0.001	0.22	−86.35****	−10.05

^*p < 005; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.

The models were adjusted for age, sex, body height, body weight, diagnosed asthma and COPD, educational attainment, smoking status (e.g. current or past smoker, cumulative pack-year of smoking), season of lung function test, and co-pollutants.

The regression coefficients were estimated for every interquartile range increase in each pollutant.