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. 2019 Oct 15;9:14794. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51464-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The travelling-wave built-in driving circuit. (a) The schematic architecture of implemented travelling-wave built-in driving circuit. (b) The tuned clock frequency of built-in ring oscillator clock is operated at 24.08 kHz. (c) The experimental output of 90-degreeds phase shift waveform measured under designed clock frequency. Δx and Δy are represented a period and amplitude of the output frequency of channel 1 with phase term is 0°, 1/Δx is measured as 2.985 kHz and Δy is the 1.5 V peak to peak voltage of the on-chip circuit driving output.