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. 2019 Oct 9;10:1223. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01223

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Copyright © 2019 Shang, Wang, Sun, Zhou and Yu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characterization of the COP9 signalosome (CSN)-silenced tomato lines against root-knot nematodes (RKNs). (A and B) Phenotype of RKN reproduction in different virus-induced CSN gene-silencing plants using acid fuchsin staining 4 weeks after RKN infection. Bars = 2 cm. (C) The number of egg masses on the roots at 4 weeks after infection with Meloidogyne incognita. The red number is the average number of egg masses per plant. Thirty plants per genotype were used in each experiment. Three independent experiments were performed with similar results. (D) Lipid peroxidation was estimated by measuring the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the roots at 4 weeks after infection with M. incognita. The data shown are the average of three biological replicates, with the standard errors shown by vertical bars. Means denoted by the same letter did not significantly differ at P < 0.05, according to Tukey’s test.