Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Oct 9;9:1004. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01004

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Ocadlikova, Lecciso, Isidori, Loscocco, Visani, Amadori, Cavo and Curti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Balance between immune activation and tolerance during ICD in AML. Immunogenic chemotherapy causes the release of DAMPs (CRT, HSPs, ATP, and HMGB1) which bind to receptors on DCs as CD91, TLR4, and P2X7. DCs up-regulate maturation markers (CD80, CD86, and CD83) and produce IL-1β resulting in activation of T cells producing IFN-γ At the same time, DCs up-regulate IDO1 which is responsible for the production of kynurenines which in turn stimulate induction of Tregs producing IL-10 and inhibit effector T cells. IDO1 is expressed also on AML cells and Treg cells, thus participating to the suppressive local milleu. Immune check points receptors (ICRs) as PD-1, Tim-3, Lag-3, CD200R, and CTLA-4 can contribute to the cell composition of tumor microenvironment. In this context, IDO1 seems to play a key role in the balance between immune system activation and tolerance in AML during ICD.