Table 1.

Summary of subject's demographic and clinical characteristics.

	Control	PD	p
Total sample	178	120
Males n (%)	90 (59.6)	61 (50.83)	0.963§
Age at enrollment, years	69.26 ± 8.95	70.5 ± 9.35	0.254+
Depression by HAM-D scores n (%)	78 (48.75)	81 (72.97)	<0.001§
Cognitive impairment by MMSE scores n (%)	47 (27.01)	36 (43.14)	0.351§
Age at onset of PD, years		65.29 ± 9.22
UPDRS III		42.82 ± 20.85
UPDRS total		72.88 ± 34.49
Hoehn and Yahr scale n (%)
≤ 2.5		44 (38.6)
≥3		70 (61.4)

Mean values (Standard deviation) or frequency (%), HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Exam; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. p values determined by

⁺Student's t-test for parametric and

^§X² test for categorical data.

^*Bold type reflects statistically significant values.