Table 4.

OR from a multilevel logistic regression

	Whole sample		Exempted excluded
Prob. of holding a valid NHIS card	Women	Men	Women	Men
Married	1.646∗∗∗	1.794∗	1.548∗∗∗	1.759∗∗
	[1.312–2.065]	[1.140–2.824]	[1.226–1.953]	[1.150–2.691]
Male head	1.143	0.714	1.259∗	0.721
	[0.948–1.378]	[0.440–1.160]	[1.034–1.534]	[0.422–1.234]
Children at home	1.606∗∗∗	1.123	1.482∗∗∗	1.116
	[1.288–2.003]	[0.827–1.525]	[1.178–1.865]	[0.825–1.508]
Pregnant	2.034∗∗∗
	[1.609–2.572]
Age 15–17	1.349∗	2.545∗∗∗
	[1.041–1.748]	[1.609–4.024]
Age 18–24	1	1	1	1
Age 25–29	1.079	1.093	1.167	1.033
	[0.850–1.370]	[0.659–1.814]	[0.913–1.491]	[0.647–1.651]
Age 30–34	1.309∗	1.136	1.430∗∗	1.097
	[1.020–1.679]	[0.631–2.048]	[1.107–1.848]	[0.638–1.885]
Age 35–39	1.115	1.396	1.185	1.304
	[0.863–1.440]	[0.767–2.542]	[0.912–1.539]	[0.751–2.265]
Age 40–44	1.231	1.055	1.286	1.023
	[0.940–1.612]	[0.549–2.026]	[0.980–1.689]	[0.560–1.867]
Age 45–49	1.071	1.657	1.179	1.568
	[0.813–1.409]	[0.957–2.868]	[0.897–1.549]	[0.943–2.606]
Poorest	1	1	1	1
Poorer	2.378∗∗∗	3.104∗∗∗	2.388∗∗∗	2.871∗∗∗
	[1.854–3.051]	[1.979–4.868]	[1.841–3.098]	[1.855–4.446]
Middle	3.378∗∗∗	2.666∗∗∗	3.337∗∗∗	2.363∗∗
	[2.474–4.612]	[1.507–4.718]	[2.407–4.626]	[1.368–4.084]
Richer	5.382∗∗∗	5.495∗∗∗	5.115∗∗∗	4.629∗∗∗
	[3.806–7.611]	[2.947–10.25]	[3.551–7.366]	[2.557–8.382]
Richest	7.950∗∗∗	9.373∗∗∗	7.646∗∗∗	6.744∗∗∗
	[5.304–11.92]	[4.391–20.01]	[4.997–11.70]	[3.306–13.76]
No education	1	1	1	1
Primary education	1.205	0.834	1.260∗	0.819
	[0.978–1.484]	[0.525–1.323]	[1.009–1.573]	[0.511–1.314]
Middle education	1.443∗∗∗	1.453	1.305∗	1.257
	[1.170–1.781]	[0.965–2.187]	[1.046–1.628]	[0.841–1.878]
Secondary education	2.832∗∗∗	2.225∗∗	2.602∗∗∗	2.216∗∗∗
	[2.134–3.759]	[1.377–3.593]	[1.931–3.507]	[1.395–3.519]
Urban	0.752∗	0.656∗	0.710∗∗	0.689
	[0.586–0.965]	[0.435–0.988]	[0.552–0.914]	[0.466–1.019]
Western	0.296∗∗∗	0.295∗∗	0.253∗∗∗	0.280∗∗∗
	[0.177–0.495]	[0.140–0.623]	[0.151–0.426]	[0.135–0.578]
Central	0.0939∗∗∗	0.102∗∗∗	0.0956∗∗∗	0.134∗∗∗
	[0.0588–0.150]	[0.0490–0.212]	[0.0591–0.155]	[0.0671–0.269]
Greater Accra	0.0827∗∗∗	0.0504∗∗∗	0.0882∗∗∗	0.0553∗∗∗
	[0.0483–0.142]	[0.0207–0.123]	[0.0512–0.152]	[0.0230–0.133]
Volta	0.466∗∗	0.185∗∗∗	0.367∗∗∗	0.174∗∗∗
	[0.279–0.779]	[0.0797–0.429]	[0.218–0.618]	[0.0762–0.400]
Eastern	0.392∗∗∗	0.377∗	0.373∗∗∗	0.402∗
	[0.234–0.654]	[0.175–0.811]	[0.224–0.621]	[0.194–0.832]
Ashanti	0.901	0.526	0.757	0.464∗
	[0.564–1.439]	[0.265–1.042]	[0.475–1.207]	[0.242–0.892]
Brong Ahafo	1	1	1	1
Northern	0.481∗∗∗	0.443∗	0.450∗∗∗	0.428∗∗
	[0.314–0.738]	[0.237–0.829]	[0.294–0.691]	[0.235–0.781]
Upper east	1.721∗	0.966	1.456	0.917
	[1.105–2.682]	[0.505–1.846]	[0.938–2.262]	[0.493–1.706]
Upper west	2.730∗∗∗	1.985∗	2.317∗∗∗	1.513
	[1.764–4.224]	[1.069–3.686]	[1.502–3.574]	[0.840–2.725]
N	10530	3300	8374	2812

Women and men, MICS 2011.

Odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals in brackets.

^* P < 0.05;

^** P < 0.01;

^*** P < 0.001.