Exogenous expression of APP–BP1 or APP(V642I) increases the number and size of Rab5-positive structures in neurons. Primary neurons were infected with HSV vectors expressing APP–BP1, APP(V642I), or LacZ control. Sixteen hours later, the infected cells were harvested, and their proteins were analyzed by immunoblot to confirm expression of the transgene (data not shown). Cells were fixed and stained with rabbit polyclonal anti-Rab5 plus Alexa 555-conjugated secondary (red). Cells expressing APP–BP1 (B) or APP(V642I) (C) present larger and more numerous Rab5-positive structures than do the control HSV–LacZ-infected cells (A). D, E, and F are the corresponding differential interference contrast images for A, B, and C, respectively. Scale bar, 5 μm.