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. 2019 Oct 16;17:127. doi: 10.1186/s12964-019-0430-7

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — PH inhibits STAT3, AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK signaling in HCCs. a Cells were treated for 48h with indicated concentrations of PH and phosphorylated and total protein levels of the target proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. b pSTAT-3 activity was measured by ELISA (c) PH inhibits cytoplasmic, nuclear STAT3 phosphorylation in HCCs at 50uM. d Cells (wild-type or ectopic expression of STAT3) were exposed to PH at 50uM for 24 hours. Percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. e Representative images from two patients with double immunostaing of CD31/SHP1 and pSTAT3. Experiments were conducted in triplicate and mean values ± SD (bars) are shown. *p<0.05, and **p<0.01 compared to control