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. 2019 Oct 16;10:230. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1337-3

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Fate of 2D- and 3D-cultured MSCs after transplantation via portal vein. a Histology of the liver 12 h after GalN/LPS administration; magnification: × 100, scale bar: 200 μm. Arrows indicate thrombosis, and the asterisk indicates localization of 3D-ADSC₁₀₀₀ in the liver. b Ex vivo imaging to observe the extrahepatic distribution of the transplanted cells after intraportal delivery. At 7 h of intraportal delivery of MSCs, ex vivo imaging was performed. Fluorescence was observed in the lungs of the 2D-ADSC-delivered group. However, negligible fluorescence was observed in the lungs of the 3D-ADSC₁₀₀₀-delivered group. In addition, significantly higher fluorescence intensity was observed in the liver of the 3D-ADSC₁₀₀₀-transplanted group compared to the 2D-ADSC-transplanted group. c Calibration curve for the determination of human DNA. d Percentage of human DNA observed in vital organs at 10 h of MSC transplantation (n = 3). The values represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05 vs 2D-ADSC in the lungs and ^#p < 0.05 vs 2D-ADSC in the liver