Table 5.
Neutral emotion: the different acoustic features between depressed and healthy people under different tasks
| Video Watching | Question Answering | Text Reading | Picture describing | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | healthy | depressed | F | ηp2 | |
| loudness | 0.37 ± 0.17 | 0.17 ± 0.17 | 27.22*** | .22 | 0.38 ± 0.16 | 0.17 ± 0.17 | 26.13*** | .21 | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.24 ± 0.24 | 21.20*** | .18 | 0.34 ± 0.13 | 0.17 ± 0.17 | 22.20*** | .18 |
| mfcc1 | 0.06 ± 3.79 | 0.97 ± 3.63 | 1.86 | .02 | 0.09 ± 3.45 | 0.57 ± 3.63 | 0.92 | .01 | 1.16 ± 3.24 | 1.63 ± 2.86 | 0.83 | .01 | −0.46 ± 3.16 | 1.02 ± 3.22 | 7.16** | .07 |
| mfcc2 | 8.62 ± 2.96 | 9.22 ± 3 | 0.79 | .01 | 8.75 ± 2.73 | 9.45 ± 2.83 | 1.08 | .01 | 8.37 ± 3.44 | 10.93 ± 4.02 | 11.05*** | .10 | 8.35 ± 2.5 | 8.99 ± 2.25 | 1.75 | .02 |
| mfcc3 | 7.33 ± 4.78 | 3.8 ± 3.39 | 15.82*** | .14 | 8.09 ± 4.57 | 3.34 ± 3.49 | 29.18*** | .23 | 7.52 ± 5.94 | 2.46 ± 4.6 | 21.24*** | .18 | 7.32 ± 3.83 | 4.08 ± 3.08 | 17.81*** | .15 |
| mfcc4 | 6.29 ± 4.65 | 3.84 ± 4.24 | 8.64** | .08 | 5.09 ± 4.32 | 2.98 ± 4.46 | 5.83* | .06 | −0.46 ± 6.69 | − 2.1 ± 6.39 | 0.87 | .01 | 6.21 ± 3.53 | 3.93 ± 3.96 | 7.44** | .07 |
| mfcc5 | 2.35 ± 6.43 | −4.5 ± 6.77 | 24.71*** | .20 | 1.77 ± 5.49 | −5.83 ± 7.31 | 31.73*** | .24 | −3.6 ± 5.9 | − 12.42 ± 8.17 | 28.81*** | .23 | 3.32 ± 5.21 | − 3.2 ± 4.83 | 34.84*** | .26 |
| mfcc6 | 4.09 ± 6.64 | 6.16 ± 6.28 | 0.83 | .01 | 3.54 ± 5.64 | 5.5 ± 6.7 | 0.63 | .01 | 0.34 ± 6.62 | 5.66 ± 7.66 | 10.12** | .09 | 4.23 ± 4.42 | 5.55 ± 6.14 | 0.24 | .00 |
| mfcc7 | − 0.21 ± 6.08 | − 7.21 ± 4.63 | 40.80*** | .29 | −1 ± 5.28 | − 8.08 ± 4.45 | 49.00*** | .33 | −3.81 ± 5.68 | − 11.79 ± 4.65 | 51.12*** | .34 | − 0.31 ± 4.3 | − 7.06 ± 3.59 | 64.20*** | .39 |
| mfcc8 | 1.85 ± 5.25 | 1.97 ± 4.73 | 0.01 | .00 | 0.35 ± 5.82 | 1.73 ± 4.65 | 1.86 | .02 | −2.78 ± 7.51 | − 1.11 ± 5.86 | 2.25 | .02 | 1.96 ± 3.86 | 1.85 ± 3.26 | 0.14 | .00 |
| mfcc9 | 0.16 ± 5.01 | 2.66 ± 3.95 | 5.91* | .06 | − 0.59 ± 5.51 | 1.67 ± 4.05 | 3.78 | .04 | −3.27 ± 5.9 | − 0.37 ± 4.72 | 6.10* | .06 | 0.57 ± 4.18 | 2.4 ± 3.19 | 3.62 | .04 |
| mfcc10 | 1.9 ± 5.7 | 0.59 ± 5.51 | 2.01 | .02 | 1.44 ± 5.59 | 0.06 ± 4.63 | 3.57 | .03 | −0.44 ± 6.94 | − 2.64 ± 6.22 | 2.19 | .02 | 1.95 ± 5.04 | 1.47 ± 4.11 | 0.41 | .00 |
| mfcc11 | − 0.08 ± 4.46 | −0.8 ± 4.46 | 1.75 | .02 | − 0.49 ± 4.59 | −0.54 ± 3.86 | 0.34 | .00 | −1.55 ± 6.06 | − 2.2 ± 5.16 | 0.20 | .00 | −0.51 ± 3.43 | 0.19 ± 3.38 | 0.28 | .00 |
| mfcc12 | −2.2 ± 3.68 | −1.1 ± 3.2 | 0.95 | .01 | − 1.83 ± 3.75 | −1.75 ± 3.16 | 0.11 | .00 | −3.23 ± 4.41 | −3.47 ± 3.21 | 0.80 | .01 | −2 ± 2.8 | −1.08 ± 2.11 | 1.10 | .01 |
| lsp0 | 0.19 ± 0.04 | 0.2 ± 0.04 | 0.77 | .01 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | 1.68 | .02 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.02 | 0.06 | .00 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.2 ± 0.03 | 0.33 | .00 |
| lsp1 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.05 | .00 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.61 ± 0.06 | 0.71 | .01 | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.57 ± 0.04 | 2.22 | .02 | 0.63 ± 0.05 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 3.94 | .04 |
| lsp2 | 0.98 ± 0.06 | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 0.33 | .00 | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 0.22 | .00 | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.05 | 8.00** | .08 | 0.99 ± 0.05 | 0.98 ± 0.05 | 1.13 | .01 |
| lsp3 | 1.34 ± 0.07 | 1.3 ± 0.09 | 5.06* | .05 | 1.34 ± 0.07 | 1.28 ± 0.09 | 9.67** | .09 | 1.27 ± 0.07 | 1.23 ± 0.08 | 2.58 | .03 | 1.35 ± 0.06 | 1.3 ± 0.07 | 13.91*** | .12 |
| lsp4 | 1.67 ± 0.07 | 1.61 ± 0.1 | 10.99*** | .10 | 1.66 ± 0.07 | 1.59 ± 0.11 | 15.73*** | .14 | 1.6 ± 0.08 | 1.52 ± 0.1 | 14.48*** | .13 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.61 ± 0.08 | 18.67*** | .16 |
| lsp5 | 2.0 ± 0.07 | 1.95 ± 0.11 | 5.46* | .05 | 2.0 ± 0.06 | 1.94 ± 0.12 | 7.88** | .07 | 1.94 ± 0.07 | 1.88 ± 0.1 | 7.76** | .07 | 2.01 ± 0.05 | 1.96 ± 0.1 | 9.47** | .09 |
| lsp6 | 2.37 ± 0.06 | 2.31 ± 0.11 | 10.24** | .09 | 2.37 ± 0.06 | 2.29 ± 0.12 | 14.31*** | .13 | 2.32 ± 0.07 | 2.22 ± 0.12 | 17.25*** | .15 | 2.38 ± 0.05 | 2.32 ± 0.09 | 15.02*** | .13 |
| lsp7 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 5.91* | .06 | 2.72 ± 0.04 | 2.69 ± 0.06 | 11.33*** | .10 | 2.7 ± 0.05 | 2.64 ± 0.07 | 19.24*** | .16 | 2.73 ± 0.03 | 2.7 ± 0.04 | 11.75*** | .11 |
| zcr | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 6.30* | .06 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 15.26*** | .13 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 15.01*** | .13 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.81 | .01 |
| vp | 0.56 ± 0.07 | 0.52 ± 0.06 | 8.06** | .08 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 9.81** | .09 | 0.6 ± 0.06 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 8.54** | .08 | 0.54 ± 0.06 | 0.51 ± 0.05 | 8.18** | .08 |
| F0 | 131.82 ± 57.54 | 90.43 ± 38.27 | 13.79*** | .12 | 128.75 ± 46.52 | 93.65 ± 38.37 | 12.83*** | .11 | 144.87 ± 36.71 | 111.44 ± 35.54 | 23.83*** | .20 | 120.79 ± 42.4 | 84.84 ± 36.85 | 13.67*** | .12 |
| F0env | 297.16 ± 40.91 | 271.51 ± 45.86 | 8.58** | .08 | 296.22 ± 40.37 | 269.71 ± 50.15 | 9.07** | .08 | 267.89 ± 40.63 | 266.53 ± 42.48 | 16.56*** | .14 | 305.99 ± 30.86 | 272.83 ± 41.98 | 20.20*** | .17 |
*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; In the column of ηp2, we use bold for representing the features have large effect sizes. the upright features represent the features which are significant across all tasks