Table 4.
The prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults in different smoking status, married status, and education degree from the CHNS: 1989–2011
| Indicators | 1989 | 1991 | 1993 | 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2006 | 2009 | 2011 | Z | P | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | |||
| Overweight | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No smoking | – | – | 1371 | 25.61 (24.44–26.78) | 1407 | 27.04 (25.84–28.25) | 1733 | 30.57 (29.37–31.77) | 2261 | 35.67 (34.49–36.85) | 2274 | 37.04 (35.83–38.24) | 2359 | 37.94 (36.74–39.15) | 2485 | 38.42 (37.23–39.61) | 3575 | 41.13 (40.10–42.17) | 21.23 | <.0001 |
| Smoking | – | – | 603 | 20.11 (18.67–21.54) | 612 | 22.34 (20.78–23.90) | 718 | 26.19 (24.54–27.83) | 982 | 33.20 (31.50–34.90) | 1056 | 35.82 (34.09–37.55) | 1046 | 37.07 (35.28–38.85) | 1169 | 39.52 (37.76–41.28) | 1565 | 40.64 (39.09–42.19) | 20.99 | <.0001 |
| Married status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never married | 89 | 11.38 (9.16–13.61) | 173 | 13.32 (11.47–15.17) | 169 | 14.02 (12.06–15.99) | 213 | 18.08 (15.88–20.28) | 242 | 21.67 (19.25–24.08) | 189 | 23.68 (20.73–26.63) | 154 | 24.25 (20.92–27.59) | 107 | 17.86 (14.8–20.93) | 169 | 24.28 (21.1–27.47) | 9.43 | <.0001 |
| Married | 982 | 23.07 (21.81–24.34) | 1697 | 26.15 (25.08–27.22) | 1738 | 27.98 (26.87–29.10) | 2110 | 31.94 (30.81–33.06) | 2714 | 37.52 (36.40–38.63) | 2873 | 38.54 (37.44–39.65) | 2964 | 39.21 (38.11–40.31) | 3206 | 40.72 (39.64–41.81) | 4505 | 42.80 (41.85–43.74) | 26.59 | <.0001 |
| Divorced | 4 | 21.05 (2.72–39.38) | 18 | 30.00 (18.40–41.60) | 15 | 35.71 (21.22–50.21) | 14 | 20.90 (11.16–30.63) | 28 | 30.77 (21.29–40.25) | 51 | 43.59 (34.60–52.57) | 43 | 36.13 (27.50–44.77) | 62 | 37.58 (30.19–44.97) | 93 | 32.98 (27.49–38.47) | 1.23 | 0.2193 |
| Widowed | 5 | 23.81 (5.59–42.03) | 93 | 18.24 (14.88–21.59) | 100 | 19.88 (16.39–23.37) | 123 | 22.49 (18.99–25.98) | 158 | 27.67 (24–31.34) | 203 | 29.99 (26.53–33.44) | 235 | 33.86 (30.34–37.38) | 267 | 35.74 (32.31–39.18) | 346 | 35.67 (32.66–38.68) | 8.22 | <.0001 |
| Education degree | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary school or none | 509 | 21.23 (19.59–22.86) | 1184 | 24.74 (23.52–25.97) | 1115 | 26.03 (24.71–27.34) | 1225 | 28.84 (27.48–30.21) | 1433 | 34.66 (33.21–36.11) | 1432 | 35.60 (34.12–37.07) | 1414 | 36.59 (35.08–38.11) | 1489 | 37.30 (35.80–38.80) | 1756 | 38.62 (37.20–40.03) | 19.95 | <.0001 |
| Middle school degree | 533 | 21.34 (19.73–22.94) | 741 | 21.93 (20.53–23.32) | 844 | 24.43 (23.00–25.86) | 1098 | 29.23 (27.78–30.69) | 1589 | 34.98 (33.59–36.36) | 1761 | 37.54 (36.15–38.93) | 1788 | 38.44 (37.04–39.83) | 1960 | 39.89 (38.52–41.26) | 2754 | 42.82 (41.61–44.03) | 23.77 | <.0001 |
| College or above | 22 | 19.64 (12.28–27.00) | 54 | 30.86 (24.01–37.70) | 47 | 35.34 (27.21–43.46) | 76 | 37.07 (30.46–43.68) | 142 | 37.27 (32.42–42.13) | 136 | 37.06 (32.12–42.00) | 198 | 39.76 (35.46–44.06) | 201 | 39.64 (35.39–43.90) | 623 | 40.43 (37.98–42.88) | 4.52 | <.0001 |
| Obesity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No smoking | – | – | 243 | 4.54 (3.98–5.10) | 238 | 4.57 (4.01–5.14) | 410 | 7.23 (6.56–7.91) | 587 | 9.26 (8.55–9.97) | 657 | 10.70 (9.93–11.47) | 687 | 11.05 (10.27–11.83) | 812 | 12.55 (11.75–13.36) | 1315 | 15.13 (14.38–15.88) | 23.48 | <.0001 |
| Smoking | – | – | 88 | 2.93 (2.33–3.54) | 86 | 3.14 (2.49–3.79) | 137 | 5.00 (4.18–5.81) | 209 | 7.07 (6.14–7.99) | 242 | 8.21 (7.22–9.20) | 253 | 8.97 (7.91–10.02) | 290 | 9.80 (8.73–10.88) | 540 | 14.02 (12.93–15.12) | 18.31 | <.0001 |
| Married status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never married | 3 | 0.38 (0.00–0.82) | 8 | 0.62 (0.19–1.04) | 9 | 0.75 (0.26–1.23) | 20 | 1.70 (0.96–2.44) | 42 | 3.76 (2.64–4.88) | 38 | 4.76 (3.28–6.24) | 23 | 3.62 (2.17–5.08) | 34 | 5.68 (3.82–7.53) | 68 | 9.77 (7.56–11.98) | 12.22 | <.0001 |
| Married | 94 | 2.21 (1.77–2.65) | 293 | 4.51 (4.01–5.02) | 294 | 4.73 (4.21–5.26) | 483 | 7.31 (6.68–7.94) | 680 | 9.40 (8.73–10.07) | 779 | 10.45 (9.76–11.15) | 833 | 11.02 (10.31–11.73) | 958 | 12.17 (11.45–12.89) | 1594 | 15.14 (14.46–15.83) | 26.58 | <.0001 |
| Divorced | 2 | 10.53 (0.00–24.33) | 4 | 6.67 (0.35–12.98) | 1 | 2.38 (0.00–6.99) | 5 | 7.46 (1.17–13.76) | 4 | 4.40 (0.18–8.61) | 7 | 5.98 (1.69–10.28) | 6 | 5.04 (1.11–8.97) | 14 | 8.48 (4.23–12.74) | 36 | 12.77 (8.87–16.66) | 2.10 | 0.0354 |
| Widowed | 1 | 4.76 (0.00–13.87) | 26 | 5.10 (3.19–7.01) | 25 | 4.97 (3.07–6.87) | 41 | 7.50 (5.29–9.70) | 51 | 8.93 (6.59–11.27) | 72 | 10.64 (8.31–12.96) | 76 | 10.95 (8.63–13.27) | 88 | 11.78 (9.47–14.09) | 154 | 15.88 (13.58–18.18) | 6.96 | <.0001 |
| Education degree | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary school or none | 56 | 2.34 (1.73–2.94) | 230 | 4.81 (4.20–5.41) | 210 | 4.90 (4.26–5.55) | 294 | 6.92 (6.16–7.69) | 356 | 8.61 (7.76–9.47) | 417 | 10.37 (9.42–11.31) | 429 | 11.10 (10.11–12.09) | 510 | 12.78 (11.74–13.81) | 688 | 15.13 (14.09–16.17) | 20.54 | <.0001 |
| Middle school degree | 41 | 1.64 (1.14–2.14) | 91 | 2.69 (2.15–3.24) | 108 | 3.13 (2.55–3.71) | 218 | 5.80 (5.06–6.55) | 371 | 8.17 (7.37–8.96) | 439 | 9.36 (8.52–10.19) | 468 | 10.06 (9.20–10.92) | 539 | 10.97 (10.10–11.84) | 968 | 15.05 (14.18–15.92) | 23.17 | <.0001 |
| College or above | 2 | 1.79 (0.00–4.24) | 7 | 4.00 (1.10–6.90) | 4 | 3.01 (0.10–5.91) | 18 | 8.78 (4.91–12.65) | 36 | 9.45 (6.51–12.39) | 44 | 11.99 (8.67–15.31) | 41 | 8.23 (5.82–10.65) | 52 | 10.26 (7.62–12.9) | 196 | 12.72 (11.06–14.38) | 4.66 | <.0001 |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| No smoking | – | – | – | – | 1194 | 24.08 (22.89–25.27) | 1578 | 28.65 (27.46–29.84) | 2252 | 36.00 (34.81–37.19) | 2491 | 41.13 (39.89–42.37) | 2625 | 43.19 (41.94–44.43) | 3115 | 48.66 (47.44–49.89) | 4494 | 51.74 (50.69–52.79) | 39.93 | <.0001 |
| Smoking | – | – | – | – | 263 | 10.06 (8.91–11.21) | 391 | 14.58 (13.25–15.92) | 620 | 21.24 (19.76–22.72) | 705 | 24.29 (22.73–25.85) | 725 | 26.16 (24.53–27.80) | 879 | 30.03 (28.37–31.69) | 1439 | 37.42 (35.89–38.94) | 28.06 | <.0001 |
| Married status | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Never married | – | – | – | – | 71 | 6.18 (4.79–7.58) | 98 | 8.54 (6.93–10.16) | 153 | 13.97 (11.92–16.03) | 130 | 16.65 (14.03–19.26) | 98 | 15.68 (12.83–18.53) | 94 | 15.91 (12.96–18.85) | 160 | 23.02 (19.89–26.15) | 11.85 | <.0001 |
| Married | – | – | – | – | 1247 | 21.04 (20.00–22.07) | 1691 | 26.29 (25.22–27.37) | 2397 | 33.52 (32.42–34.61) | 2713 | 36.87 (35.77–37.97) | 2874 | 38.84 (37.73–39.95) | 3415 | 43.81 (42.71–44.91) | 5094 | 48.42 (47.46–49.37) | 42.19 | <.0001 |
| Divorced | – | – | – | – | 13 | 33.33 (18.54–48.13) | 14 | 21.54 (11.54–31.53) | 18 | 20.00 (11.74–28.26) | 39 | 33.91 (25.26–42.57) | 35 | 30.17 (21.82–38.53) | 55 | 33.54 (26.31–40.76) | 106 | 37.86 (32.18–43.54) | 2.82 | 0.0049 |
| Widowed | – | – | – | – | 138 | 29.36 (25.24–33.48) | 167 | 31.69 (27.72–35.66) | 233 | 41.31 (37.25–45.38) | 301 | 45.40 (41.61–49.19) | 336 | 49.56 (45.79–53.32) | 411 | 55.77 (52.18–59.35) | 548 | 56.61 (53.49–59.73) | 11.95 | <.0001 |
| Education degree | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary school or none | – | – | – | – | 971 | 23.86 (22.55–25.17) | 1150 | 27.90 (26.53–29.27) | 1449 | 35.45 (33.98–36.91) | 1615 | 40.73 (39.20–42.26) | 1615 | 42.79 (41.21–44.37) | 1935 | 48.95 (47.39–50.51) | 2345 | 51.63 (50.18–53.08) | 32.90 | <.0001 |
| Middle school degree | – | – | – | – | 447 | 13.54 (12.37–14.71) | 695 | 19.00 (17.73–20.28) | 1210 | 27.02 (25.72–28.32) | 1457 | 31.52 (30.18–32.86) | 1578 | 34.57 (33.19–35.95) | 1879 | 38.67 (37.30–40.04) | 2961 | 46.06 (44.85–47.28) | 37.90 | <.0001 |
| College or above | – | – | – | – | 31 | 23.48 (16.25–30.72) | 59 | 28.92 (22.70–35.14) | 108 | 28.88 (24.28–33.47) | 123 | 33.79 (28.93–38.65) | 147 | 30.31 (26.22–34.40) | 178 | 35.46 (31.27–39.64) | 616 | 40.00 (37.55–42.45) | 5.47 | <.0001 |
CHNS China Health and Nutrition Survey