Table 5.
The prevalence of grade 1, grade 2, and grade 2 and grade 3 combined among the Chinese adults from the CHNS: 1989–2011
| Indicators | 1989 | 1991 | 1993 | 1997 | 2000 | 2004 | 2006 | 2009 | 2011 | Z | P | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | n | %(CI) | |||
| Grade 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 97 | 1.91 (1.30–2.90) | 308 | 3.67 (3.27–4.08) | 308 | 3.84 (3.42–4.26) | 516 | 6.09 (5.58–6.60) | 739 | 7.88 (7.34–8.43) | 825 | 9.07 (8.48–9.66) | 858 | 9.49 (8.89–10.10) | 1009 | 10.70 (10.08–11.33) | 1599 | 12.75 (12.16–13.33) | 29.02 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 97 | 2.08 (1.69–2.47) | 308 | 3.93 (3.51–4.34) | 308 | 3.94 (3.51–4.36) | 516 | 5.99 (5.48–6.49) | 739 | 7.66 (7.13–8.20) | 825 | 8.40 (7.83–8.97) | 858 | 8.81 (8.23–9.40) | 1009 | 10.09 (9.48–10.70) | 1599 | 12.01 (11.44–12.58) | ||
| Men | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 29 | 1.21 (0.77–1.64) | 123 | 3.04 (2.51–3.56) | 114 | 2.95 (2.41–3.48) | 226 | 5.42 (4.73–6.11) | 310 | 6.86 (6.12–7.60) | 368 | 8.46 (7.64–9.29) | 377 | 8.86 (8.01–9.71) | 456 | 10.17 (9.28–11.05) | 751 | 12.75 (11.90–13.60) | 22.09 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 29 | 1.38 (0.91–1.84) | 123 | 3.24 (2.70–3.79) | 114 | 3.01 (2.47–3.55) | 226 | 5.37 (4.69–6.06) | 310 | 6.81 (6.08–7.55) | 368 | 8.10 (7.29–8.91) | 377 | 8.90 (8.04–9.75) | 456 | 10.58 (9.68–11.48) | 751 | 13.25 (12.38–14.11) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 18 | 0.91 (0.49–1.33) | 33 | 1.53 (1.02–2.05) | 35 | 1.82 (1.23–2.42) | 76 | 4.03 (3.14–4.91) | 119 | 6.34 (5.23–7.44) | 93 | 6.58 (5.29–7.87) | 108 | 8.86 (7.26–10.45) | 132 | 11.10 (9.32–12.89) | 189 | 13.96 (12.11–15.80) | 19.17 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 11 | 2.55 (1.06–4.04) | 55 | 4.22 (3.13–5.31) | 46 | 3.45 (2.47–4.42) | 90 | 5.77 (4.62–6.93) | 127 | 7.02 (5.84–8.20) | 191 | 9.77 (8.45–11.09) | 188 | 9.46 (8.17–10.75) | 237 | 11.46 (10.09–12.83) | 377 | 13.55 (12.28–14.82) | 11.87 | <.0001 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 35 | 5.85 (3.97–7.73) | 33 | 5.37 (3.59–7.16) | 60 | 8.29 (6.28–10.30) | 64 | 7.68 (5.87–9.49) | 84 | 8.57 (6.82–10.32) | 81 | 7.72 (6.11–9.34) | 87 | 7.08 (5.65–8.52) | 185 | 10.55 (9.11–11.98) | 3.340 | 0.0008 |
| Women | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 68 | 2.54 (1.94–3.13) | 185 | 4.27 (3.67–4.87) | 194 | 4.67 (4.03–5.32) | 290 | 6.74 (5.99–7.49) | 429 | 8.84 (8.04–9.64) | 457 | 9.62 (8.78–10.46) | 481 | 10.05 (9.20–10.91) | 553 | 11.19 (10.31–12.07) | 848 | 12.75 (11.94–13.55) | 19.00 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 68 | 2.74 (2.12–3.36) | 185 | 4.56 (3.94–5.18) | 194 | 4.79 (4.14–5.44) | 290 | 6.55 (5.81–7.28) | 429 | 8.41 (7.63–9.19) | 457 | 8.67 (7.87–9.47) | 481 | 8.73 (7.93–9.53) | 553 | 9.60 (8.78–10.42) | 848 | 11.03 (10.27–11.78) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 47 | 2.10 (1.51–2.70) | 44 | 1.96 (1.39–2.53) | 55 | 2.71 (2.01–3.42) | 71 | 3.94 (3.04–4.84) | 95 | 5.01 (4.03–6.00) | 78 | 5.28 (4.14–6.42) | 64 | 4.79 (3.65–5.94) | 69 | 5.58 (4.30–6.86) | 108 | 6.74 (5.51–7.96) | 9.24 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 21 | 4.83 (2.81–6.84) | 98 | 6.93 (5.61–8.25) | 93 | 6.41 (5.15–7.67) | 144 | 8.54 (7.21–9.88) | 223 | 11.16 (9.78–12.54) | 242 | 11.15 (9.83–12.48) | 265 | 11.86 (10.52–13.20) | 295 | 12.70 (11.35–14.05) | 458 | 14.71 (13.46–15.95) | 9.60 | <.0001 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 43 | 6.41 (4.56–8.26) | 46 | 6.85 (4.94–8.75) | 75 | 9.2 (7.22–11.19) | 111 | 11.55 (9.53–13.57) | 137 | 12.40 (10.46–14.34) | 152 | 12.52 (10.66–14.38) | 189 | 13.68 (11.86–15.49) | 282 | 14.57 (12.99–16.14) | 6.52 | <.0001 |
| Grade 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 3 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) | 21 | 0.25 (0. 14–0.36) | 23 | 0.29 (0. 17–0.40) | 34 | 0.40 (0. 27–0.54) | 60 | 0.64 (0. 48–0.80) | 69 | 0.76 (0. 58–0.94) | 75 | 0.83 (0. 64–1.02) | 88 | 0.93 (0. 74–1.13) | 163 | 1.30 (1.10–1.50) | 10.07 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 3 | 0.06 (0.01–0.13) | 21 | 0.28 (0.17–0.40) | 23 | 0.30 (0.18–0.42) | 34 | 0.39 (0.26–0.52) | 60 | 0.61 (0.45–0.77) | 69 | 0.72 (0.54–0.89) | 75 | 0.81 (0.62–0.99) | 88 | 0.88 (0.69–1.07) | 163 | 1.24 (1.05–1.43) | ||
| Men | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 1 | 0.04 (0.00–0.12) | 1 | 0.02 (0.00–0.07) | 4 | 0.10 (0.00–0.20) | 12 | 0.29 (0.13–0.45) | 23 | 0.51 (0.30–0.72) | 21 | 0.48 (0.28–0.69) | 22 | 0.52 (0.30–0.73) | 38 | 0.85 (0.58–1.12) | 58 | 0.98 (0.73–1.24) | 7.40 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 1 | 0.09 (0.00–0.20) | 1 | 0.03 (0.00–0.08) | 4 | 0.11 (0.00–0.21) | 12 | 0.28 (0.12–0.44) | 23 | 0.49 (0.28–0.69) | 21 | 0.50 (0.29–0.71) | 22 | 0.57 (0.35–0.80) | 38 | 0.84 (0.58–1.11) | 58 | 1.03 (0.77–1.29) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.05 (0.00–0.15) | 1 | 0.05 (0.00–0.16) | 5 | 0.27 (0.03–0.50) | 8 | 0.57 (0.17–0.96) | 9 | 0.74 (0.26–1.22) | 10 | 0.84 (0.32–1.36) | 15 | 1.11 (0.55–1.67) | 6.10 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 1 | 0.23 (0.00–0.69) | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.22 (0.00–0.48) | 4 | 0.26 (0.01–0.51) | 11 | 0.61 (0.25–0.97) | 8 | 0.41 (0.13–0.69) | 9 | 0.45 (0.16–0.75) | 17 | 0.82 (0.43–1.21) | 29 | 1.04 (0.67–1.42) | 4.51 | <.0001 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.17 (0.00–0.49) | 0 | 0.00 | 7 | 0.97 (0.25–1.68) | 7 | 0.84 (0.22–1.46) | 5 | 0.51 (0.06–0.96) | 4 | 0.38 (0.01–0.75) | 11 | 0.90 (0.37–1.42) | 14 | 0.80 (0.38–1.21) | 1.86 | 0.0629 |
| Women | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 2 | 0.07 (0.00–0.18) | 20 | 0.46 (0.26–0.66) | 19 | 0.46 (0.25–0.66) | 22 | 0.51 (0.30–0.72) | 37 | 0.76 (0.52–1.01) | 48 | 1.01 (0.73–1.29) | 53 | 1.11 (0.81–1.40) | 50 | 1.01 (0.73–1.29) | 105 | 1.58 (1.28–1.88) | 6.94 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 2 | 0.04 (0.00–0.12) | 20 | 0.52 (0.30–0.73) | 19 | 0.49 (0.27–0.70) | 22 | 0.50 (0.29–0.71) | 37 | 0.72 (0.48–0.96) | 48 | 0.92 (0.65–1.19) | 53 | 1.02 (0.73–1.30) | 50 | 0.92 (0.65–1.19) | 105 | 1.43 (1.14–1.71) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 2 | 0.09 (0.00–0.21) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 0.33 (0.07–0.6) | 8 | 0.42 (0.13–0.71) | 9 | 0.61 (0.21–1.01) | 11 | 0.82 (0.34–1.31) | 9 | 0.73 (0.25–1.20) | 17 | 1.06 (0.56–1.56) | 6.22 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 0 | 0.00 | 12 | 0.85 (0.37–1.33) | 11 | 0.76 (0.31–1.20) | 7 | 0.42 (0.11–0.72) | 15 | 0.75 (0.37–1.13) | 20 | 0.92 (0.52–1.32) | 18 | 0.81 (0.44–1.18) | 22 | 0.95 (0.55–1.34) | 54 | 1.73 (1.28–2.19) | 3.33 | 0.0009 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.19 (0.37–2.01) | 8 | 1.19 (0.37–2.01) | 9 | 1.10 (0.39–1.82) | 14 | 1.46 (0.70–2.21) | 19 | 1.72 (0.95–2.49) | 24 | 1.98 (1.19–2.76) | 19 | 1.37 (0.76–1.99) | 34 | 1.76 (1.17–2.34) | 1.25 | 0.2130 |
| Grade 2 and 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 3 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) | 23 | 0.27 (0.16–0.39) | 25 | 0.31 (0.19–0.43) | 37 | 0.44 (0.30–0.58) | 64 | 0.68 (0.52–0.85) | 76 | 0.84 (0.65–1.02) | 82 | 0.91 (0.71–1.10) | 93 | 0.99 (0.79–1.19) | 256 | 2.04 (1.79–2.29) | 12.59 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 3 | 0.06 (0.00–0.13) | 23 | 0.31 (0.19–0.43) | 25 | 0.33 (0.20–0.45) | 37 | 0.42 (0.28–0.56) | 64 | 0.65 (0.49–0.81) | 76 | 0.80 (0.61–0.98) | 82 | 0.87 (0.68–1.06) | 93 | 0.93 (0.74–1.12) | 256 | 1.98 (1.73–2.22) | ||
| Men | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 1 | 0.04 (0.00–0.12) | 2 | 0.05 (0.00–0.12) | 5 | 0.13 (0.02–0.24) | 12 | 0.29 (0.13–0.45) | 24 | 0.53 (0.32–0.74) | 21 | 0.48 (0.28–0.69) | 24 | 0.56 (0.34–0.79) | 39 | 0.87 (0.60–1.14) | 102 | 1.73 (1.40–2.06) | 9.63 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 1 | 0.09 (0.00–0.20) | 2 | 0.05 (0.00–0.13) | 5 | 0.13 (0.02–0.25) | 12 | 0.28 (0.12–0.44) | 24 | 0.51 (0.30–0.71) | 21 | 0.50 (0.29–0.71) | 24 | 0.63 (0.39–0.86) | 39 | 0.86 (0.59–1.13) | 102 | 1.74 (1.41–2.07) | ||
| Ag e (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.05 (0.00–0.15) | 1 | 0.05 (0.00–0.16) | 5 | 0.27 (0.03–0.50) | 8 | 0.57 (0.17–0.96) | 10 | 0.82 (0.31–1.33) | 10 | 0.84 (0.32–1.36) | 23 | 1.70 (1.01–2.39) | 6.45 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 1 | 0.23 (0.00–0.69) | 0 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.22 (0.00–0.48) | 4 | 0.26 (0.01–0.51) | 11 | 0.61 (0.25–0.97) | 8 | 0.41 (0.13–0.69) | 9 | 0.45 (0.16–0.75) | 18 | 0.87 (0.47–1.27) | 53 | 1.91 (1.40–2.41) | 5.80 | <.0001 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.33 (0.00–0.80) | 1 | 0.16 (0.00–0.48) | 7 | 0.97 (0.25–1.68) | 8 | 0.96 (0.30–1.62) | 5 | 0.51 (0.06–0.96) | 5 | 0.48 (0.06–0.89) | 11 | 0.90 (0.37–1.42) | 26 | 1.48 (0.92–2.05) | 2.46 | 0.0139 |
| Women | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Overall | 2 | 0.07 (0.00–0.18) | 21 | 0.48 (0.28–0.69) | 20 | 0.48 (0.27–0.69) | 25 | 0.58 (0.35–0.81) | 40 | 0.82 (0.57–1.08) | 55 | 1.16 (0.85–1.46) | 58 | 1.21 (0.90–1.52) | 54 | 1.09 (0.80–1.38) | 154 | 2.31 (1.95–2.68) | 8.84 | <.0001 |
| Adjusteda | 2 | 0.04 (0.00–0.12) | 21 | 0.54 (0.33–0.76) | 20 | 0.51 (0.29–0.73) | 25 | 0.56 (0.34–0.78) | 40 | 0.78 (0.53–1.03) | 55 | 1.07 (0.78–1.37) | 58 | 1.10 (0.80–1.39) | 54 | 1.00 (0.72–1.27) | 154 | 2.19 (1.84–2.54) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 18–39 | 2 | 0.09 (0.00–0.21) | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 0.33 (0.07–0.60) | 9 | 0.47 (0.17–0.78) | 12 | 0.81 (0.35–1.27) | 11 | 0.82 (0.34–1.31) | 10 | 0.81 (0.31–1.31) | 30 | 1.87 (1.21–2.53) | 7.35 | <.0001 |
| 40–59 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 0.92 (0.42–1.42) | 12 | 0.83 (0.36–1.29) | 8 | 0.47 (0.15–0.80) | 15 | 0.75 (0.37–1.13) | 21 | 0.97 (0.56–1.38) | 21 | 0.94 (0.54–1.34) | 22 | 0.95 (0.55–1.34) | 78 | 2.50 (1.96–3.05) | 4.51 | <.0001 |
| 60–100 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 1.19 (0.37–2.01) | 8 | 1.19 (0.37–2.01) | 11 | 1.35 (0.56–2.14) | 16 | 1.66 (0.86–2.47) | 22 | 1.99 (1.17–2.81) | 26 | 2.14 (1.33–2.96) | 22 | 1.59 (0.93–2.25) | 46 | 2.38 (1.70–3.05) | 2.18 | 0.0296 |
aAdjusted by the direct method to the year 2010 Census population using the age groups 18–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60–100 years
CHNS China Health and Nutrition Survey