Table 2.
Demographics of study population by imaging modality
| Characteristic | Age 9–12 years | Range | Age 5–14 years | Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | ||||
| DTI only | 10.10 ± 0.95 (n = 66) | 9.1–12.8 | 10.14 ± 1.48 (n = 73) | 5.9–14.1 |
| MRS only | 10.92 ± 1.01 (n = 46) | 9.3–12.9 | 10.79 ± 1.17 (n = 48) | 7.3–12.9 |
| DTI & MRS | 11.14 ± 0.83 (n = 168) | 9.1–12.9 | 11.01 ± 1.35 (n = 188) | 6.6–14.7 |
| Gender | ||||
| DTI only | Female, 35 (53%) | Female, 40 (54.8%) | ||
| Male, 31 (47%) | Male, 33 (45.2%) | |||
| MRS only | Female, 20 (43.5%) | Female, 21 (43.8%) | ||
| Male, 26 (56.5%) | Male, 27 (56.3%) | |||
| DTI & MRS | Female, 93 (55.4%) | Female, 104 (55.3%) | ||
| Male, 75 (56.5%) | Male, 84 (44.7%) | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| DTI only | Dominican/Dominican American, 44 (66.7%) | Dominican/Dominican American, 50 (66.5%) | ||
| African American, 22 (33.3%) | African American, 23 (31.5%) | |||
| MRS only | Dominican/Dominican American, 23 (50%) | Dominican/Dominican American, 23 (47.9%) | ||
| African American, 23 (50%) | African American, 25 (52.1%) | |||
| DTI & MRS | Dominican/Dominican American, 103 (61.3%) | Dominican/Dominican American, 113 (60.1%) | ||
| African American, 65 (38.7%) | African American, 75 (39.9%) | |||
| WISC FSIQ | ||||
| DTI only | 91.5 ± 11.3 | 71–117 | 91.7 ± 11.2 | 78–109 |
| MRS only | 93.6 ± 13.2 | 54–123 | 93.1 ± 13.4 | 71–91 |
| DTI & MRS | 96.4 ± 11.8 | 60–120 | 96.8 ± 12.0 | 75–129 |
| Maternal education, years | ||||
| DTI only | ≤8th grade, 1 (1.5%) | ≤ 8th grade, 1 (1.4%) | ||
| 9th to <12th grade, 16 (18.2%) | 9th to <12th grade, 17 (23.3%) | |||
| High school graduate, 11 (16.7%) | High school graduate, 14 (19.1%) | |||
| 1–4 years of college, 30 (45.5%) | 1–4 years of college, 33 (45.2%) | |||
| 1–4 years of graduate education, 8 (12.1%) | 1–4 years of graduate education, 8 (11%) | |||
| MRS only | ≤8th grade, 0 (0%) | ≤8th grade, 0 (0%) | ||
| 9th to <12th grade, 11 (23.9%) | 9th to <12th grade, 11 (12.5%) | |||
| High school graduate, 12 (26.1%) | High school graduate, 13 (27.1%) | |||
| 1–4 years of college, 19 (41.3%) | 1–4 years of college, 20 (41.7%) | |||
| 1–4 years of graduate education, 4 (8.7%) | 1–4 years of graduate education, 4 (8.3%) | |||
| DTI & MRS | ≤8th grade, 4 (1.2%) | ≤8th grade, 4 (1.1%) | ||
| 9th to <12th grade, 31 (19.6%) | 9th to <12th grade, 36 (20.2%) | |||
| High school graduate, 50 (29.8%) | High school graduate, 55 (30.3%) | |||
| 1–4 years of college, 64 (44.1%) | 1–4 years of college, 84 (44.7%) | |||
| 1–4 years of graduate education, 9 (5.4%) | 1–4 years of graduate education, 9 (4.8%) | |||
| Material hardship Scorea | ||||
| DTI only | 0, 35 (53%) | 0, 36 (49.3%) | ||
| 1, 12 (18.2%) | 1, 14 (19.2%) | |||
| 2, 19 (28.8%) | 2, 23 (31.5%) | |||
| 3–4, 0 | 3–4, 0 | |||
| MRS only | 0, 26 (56.5%) | 0, 28 (58.3%) | ||
| 1, 13 (28.3%) | 1, 13 (27.1%) | |||
| 2, 7 (15.2%) | 2, 7 (14.6%) | |||
| 3–4, 0 | 3–4, 0 | |||
| DTI & MRS | 0, 106 (63.1%) | 0, 118 (62.8%) | ||
| 1, 34 (20.2%) | 1, 39 (20.7%) | |||
| 2, 28 (16.7%) | 2, 31 (16.5%) | |||
| 3–4, 0 | 3–4, 0 | |||
Comparison of study population demographics for entire cohort (309) and narrower age range cohort (280), based upon type of imaging completed, DTI, MRS, or both DTI and MRS.
aMothers were asked, “In the past year has there been a time when you: (1) couldn't afford to buy food?; (2) couldn't afford a place to stay?; (3)couldn't afford gas/electricity?; or (4) couldn't afford clothing?” Each positive response to one of the four questions was scored with 1 point.